Urban planning and urbanism have been significantly influenced by expertise in politics, administration, and technology since the late 1800s, coinciding with the growth of industrial cities. Cities were perceived as solutions to societal needs like wealth, health, safety, and personal growth as society became more intricate. However, the success in meeting these demands also led to new challenges for cities. The Progressive movement in the early 1900s heavily leaned on trained experts in disciplines like economics and social sciences to address these emerging issues. Educated in specialized fields, these experts played a key role in guiding both governmental policies and business practices towards achieving better outcomes for all members of society. This included advancements in food safety, water quality, working conditions, transportation safety, education accessibility, and personal fulfillment opportunities. By transitioning away from laissez-faire approaches, these experts aimed to create a more prosperous and equitable society for all.