purchase

[ˈpɜːrtʃəs]

[동] 구매하다

[동] buy, acquire, pay for
[명] acquisition, investment, buy

[동] sell, market
[명] sale

[동] To acquire something by paying money for it; To buy or obtain items in exchange for money
[명] The act of buying something; An instance of acquiring goods for money

About a month ago, my wife and I {purchased} a set of bookshelves from your store.

약 한 달 전, 아내와 나는 당신의 상점에서 책장 세트를 구매했다.

provide

[prəˈvaɪd]

[동] 제공하다

[동] supply, give, issue

[동] refuse, withhold, deprive

[동] To make something available for someone to use; To give someone what they need or want

Therefore, please {provide} a clear and specific delivery date.

따라서 명확하고 구체적인 배달 날짜를 제공해 주시기 바랍니다.

address

[명] [ˈædres], [동] [əˈdres]

[동] 다루다

[명] inscription, direction, label
[동] label, give a speech to, direct

[명] The details of a location where someone lives or where an organization is based; Written details indicating where letters and packages should be sent
[동] To write the name and location of someone or something; To speak to a group or individual formally

We expect this issue to be {addressed} promptly, so that we can reorganize our schedule to receive the delivery without any confusion.

우리는 이 문제가 즉시 다루어지기를 기대하며, 혼란 없이 배달을 받을 수 있도록 일정을 재조정할 수 있기를 바란다.

schedule

[ˈskedʒuːl]

[명] 일정

[명] plan, agenda, programme
[동] arrange, plan, set

[명] A plan that lists events or tasks and the times they will occur; A timetable that shows when various activities or events will take place
[동] To arrange for something to happen at a specific time; To plan and set a date for an event or activity

We expect this issue to be addressed promptly, so that we can reorganize our {schedule} to receive the delivery without any confusion.

우리는 이 문제가 즉시 다루어지기를 기대하며, 혼란 없이 배달을 받을 수 있도록 일정을 재조정할 수 있기를 바란다.

confusion

[kənˈfjuːʒn]

[명] 혼란

[명] uncertainty, bewilderment, lack of certainty

[명] certainty, enlightenment, order

[명] A state of uncertainty about what is happening or what to do; A situation where things are not clear or are mixed up

We expect this issue to be addressed promptly, so that we can reorganize our schedule to receive the delivery without any {confusion}.

우리는 이 문제가 즉시 다루어지기를 기대하며, 혼란 없이 배달을 받을 수 있도록 일정을 재조정할 수 있기를 바란다.

specific

[spəˈsɪfɪk]

[형] 구체적인

[형] particular, specified, special

[형] general, vague

[형] Clearly defined or identified; Relating to a particular person, thing, or situation
[명] A medicine that works for a particular disease; An item designed for a special purpose

Therefore, please provide a clear and {specific} delivery date.

따라서 명확하고 구체적인 배달 날짜를 제공해 주시기 바랍니다.

reorganize

[동] 재조정하다

[동] restructure, change, redesign

[동] To change how something is structured or arranged; To arrange or organize again in a new way

We expect this issue to be addressed promptly, so that we can {reorganize} our schedule to receive the delivery without any confusion.

우리는 이 문제가 즉시 다루어지기를 기대하며, 혼란 없이 배달을 받을 수 있도록 일정을 재조정할 수 있기를 바란다.

delivery

[dɪˈlɪvəri]

[명] 배달

[명] conveyance, handing over, distribution

[명] collection

[명] The action of bringing letters or items to a specific person or place; The process of conveying items to their destination

When we bought the bookshelves, the manager said it would take four weeks for {delivery}, which was last weekend.

우리가 책장을 구입했을 때, 관리자는 배달이 4주 걸릴 것이라고 말했는데, 그것은 지난 주말이었다.

promptly

[ˈprɑːmptli]

[부] 즉시

[부] punctually, immediately, on time

[부] Without any delay or waiting; In a timely fashion

We expect this issue to be addressed {promptly}, so that we can reorganize our schedule to receive the delivery without any confusion.

우리는 이 문제가 즉시 다루어지기를 기대하며, 혼란 없이 배달을 받을 수 있도록 일정을 재조정할 수 있기를 바란다.

Service

[명] 서비스

To the Customer {Service} Team,

고객 서비스 팀에게,

furniture

[ˈfɜːrnɪtʃə(r)]

[명] 가구

[명] furnishings, household goods, house fittings

[명] Movable items like chairs, tables, and sofas used in homes and offices; Objects that enhance the function and comfort of a living space

I was truly excited to find {furniture} that perfectly matched our new home.

나는 우리의 새 집에 완벽하게 어울리는 가구를 찾게 되어 정말 신이 났다.

inconvenience

[ˌɪnkənˈviːniəns]

[명] 불편함

[명] trouble, bother, difficulty
[동] trouble, bother, put out

[명] help, convenience
[동] help

[명] The state of being uncomfortable or difficult; A situation that causes trouble or discomfort
[동] To make someone experience trouble or discomfort; To create difficulties for someone

This delay has caused us considerable {inconvenience}.

이 지연은 우리에게 상당한 불편함을 초래했다.

expect

[ɪkˈspekt]

[동] 기대하다

[동] suppose, think, presume

[동] To believe that something will happen or be true; To regard something as likely to occur

We {expect} this issue to be addressed promptly, so that we can reorganize our schedule to receive the delivery without any confusion.

우리는 이 문제가 즉시 다루어지기를 기대하며, 혼란 없이 배달을 받을 수 있도록 일정을 재조정할 수 있기를 바란다.

Customer

[명] 고객

To the {Customer} Service Team,

고객 서비스 팀에게,

manager

[ˈmænɪdʒə(r)]

[명] 관리자

[명] executive, supervisor, director

[명] A person who is in charge of managing a group or organization; Someone responsible for overseeing the operations of a business or team

When we bought the bookshelves, the {manager} said it would take four weeks for delivery, which was last weekend.

우리가 책장을 구입했을 때, 관리자는 배달이 4주 걸릴 것이라고 말했는데, 그것은 지난 주말이었다.

glow

[ɡloʊ]

[동] 빛나다

[동] shine, radiate, burn
[명] radiance, light, gleam

[동] pale
[명] pallor, dullness

[동] To give off light steadily without flames; To shine softly and steadily, often with warmth
[명] A steady light that shines softly; The warmth or brightness produced by something that is heated

I stumbled towards it, and soon, a faint, yellowish light {glowed} through the trees.

나는 그것을 향해 비틀거리며 갔고, 곧 희미하고 황갈색의 빛이 나무 사이로 빛났다.

suddenly

[ˈsʌdənli]

[부] 갑자기

[부] immediately, abruptly, instantaneously

[부] gradually

[부] Happening quickly and unexpectedly; In a way that is sudden and without warning

But almost as though someone had switched off all the lights I was {suddenly} in a black forest with no light of any kind.

하지만 마치 누군가 모든 불을 끈 듯, 나는 갑자기 어떤 빛도 없는 검은 숲에 있었다.

aroma

[əˈroʊmə]

[명] 향기

[명] smell, scent, odour

[명] A pleasant and distinctive smell; An enjoyable and noticeable scent

It was then that a faint {aroma} drifted through the darkness: the scent of cooking.

그때 어두움 속에서 희미한 향기가 퍼졌다: 요리하는 냄새였다.

stumble

[ˈstʌmbl]

[동] 비틀거리다

[동] trip, stagger, trip over

[동] To lose your balance and fall or nearly fall while walking; To trip over something while walking or running
[명] An action of tripping or losing balance; A misstep that causes someone to fall or trip

Feeling lost, I {stumbled}.

길을 잃은 기분이 들어서 나는 비틀거렸다.

hardship

[ˈhɑːrdʃɪp]

[명] 고난

[명] privation, suffering, deprivation

[명] prosperity, ease

[명] A state of severe suffering or difficulty; A situation that causes significant trouble or distress

My {hardship} was over.

내 고난은 끝났다.

desperation

[ˌdespəˈreɪʃn]

[명] 절망

[명] hopelessness, misery, despair

[명] A state of being without hope; The feeling of great sadness and fear

In {desperation} I stopped and leaned against a tree.

절망 속에서 나는 멈추고 나무에 기대었다.

tore

[동] 찢다

[동] The simple past tense of the verb 'tear'; To have ripped or pulled apart something
[명] A shape resembling a donut; The surface created by a circle moving around a straight line

I {tore} my clothes and injured myself falling down a hill.

나는 옷을 찢고 언덕에서 넘어져 다쳤다.

thankful

[ˈθæŋkfl]

[형] 감사한

[형] relieved, grateful, pleased

[형] disappointed, ungrateful

[형] Feeling pleasure and relief; Aware of the benefits received

{Thankful} beyond words, I knew I could finally ask for help.

말로 표현할 수 없을 만큼 감사한 마음이 들어, 나는 드디어 도움을 요청할 수 있음을 알았다.

injured

[ˈɪndʒərd]

[형] 다친

[형] hurt, wounded, damaged

[형] healthy, fit, offending

[형] Harmed or damaged in some way; Suffering from physical harm or injury
[명] A person who has been hurt in an accident; Someone suffering from physical harm or damage

I tore my clothes and {injured} myself falling down a hill.

나는 옷을 찢고 언덕에서 넘어져 다쳤다.

forest

[ˈfɔːrɪst]

[명] 숲

[명] wood, woodland, jungle

[명] A large area that is mainly covered with trees and plants; A thick growth of trees and bushes that extends over a significant space
[동] To plant trees in an area to create a forest; To cover a piece of land with trees
[형] Relating to or typical of a forest; Characteristic of wooded areas

But almost as though someone had switched off all the lights I was suddenly in a black {forest} with no light of any kind.

하지만 마치 누군가 모든 불을 끈 듯, 나는 갑자기 어떤 빛도 없는 검은 숲에 있었다.

direction

[dəˈrekʃn]

[명] 방향

[명] way, path, route

[명] The way or course in which someone or something moves; Guidance or supervision over actions or behavior

I was heading in the {direction} of a forest road that I knew would take me home.

나는 집으로 가는 숲길의 방향으로 향하고 있었다.

scent

[sent]

[명] 냄새

[명] smell, fragrance, aroma
[동] smell, detect the smell of, sense

[명] stink, stench

[명] A distinct smell that is often pleasant and recognizable; An odor that can come from a substance and affect how something smells
[동] To give something a pleasant smell; To become aware of something using the sense of smell

It was then that a faint aroma drifted through the darkness: the {scent} of cooking.

그때 어두움 속에서 희미한 향기가 퍼졌다: 요리하는 냄새였다.

patient

[ˈpeɪʃnt]

[명] 환자

[형] forbearing, uncomplaining, understanding
[명] sick person, case, victim

[형] impatient

[형] Able to wait without becoming annoyed; Calm and tolerant while facing difficulties
[명] A person who is receiving medical care; An individual who is being treated by a healthcare provider

It is important to keep the focus on the {patient}.

환자에게 초점을 맞추는 것이 중요하다.

realistic

[ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk]

[형] 현실적인

[형] practical, pragmatic, real

[형] unrealistic, impractical, idealistic

[형] Having a practical understanding of what can be achieved; Seeing and dealing with situations as they truly are
[부] In a way that is practical and grounded in reality; In a manner that acknowledges and accepts the true situation

By establishing {realistic} selfboundaries, you can protect that relationship.

현실적인 자기 경계를 설정함으로써, 그 관계를 보호할 수 있다.

appropriate

[əˈproʊprieɪt]

[형] 적절한

[동] seize, commandeer, take
[형] suitable, proper, right

[동] relinquish, withhold
[형] inappropriate, unsuitable, irrelevant

[동] To take something for oneself without permission; To claim possession of something exclusively
[형] Suitable for the situation or purpose; Proper and fitting for a specific context

With a friend, you are likely to share personal information that is not {appropriate} with a patient.

친구와는 환자와 적절하지 않은 개인 정보를 공유할 가능성이 높다.

respect

[rɪˈspekt]

[명] 존중

[명] esteem, regard, greetings
[동] esteem, think highly of, admire

[명] contempt, disrespect
[동] despise, disregard, scorn

[명] A feeling of admiration for someone or something due to their qualities or achievements; An attitude of valuing someone or something as important or worthy
[동] To admire someone for their qualities or achievements; To regard someone or something as worthy of admiration

You need to treat patients with {respect} and keep the relationship professional.

환자들을 존중하며 관계를 전문적으로 유지해야 한다.

professional

[prəˈfeʃənl]

[형] 전문적인

[형] white-collar, qualified, executive
[명] white-collar worker, expert, professional worker

[형] manual, amateurish, amateur
[명] amateur

[형] Relating to a paid job that requires special training or skills; Engaged in a specific occupation as a primary source of income
[명] A person qualified in a specific field of work; Someone who has specialized training or education
[부] In a manner that shows skill and expertise in a specific field; In a way that is suitable for a job or profession

You need to treat patients with respect and keep the relationship {professional}.

환자들을 존중하며 관계를 전문적으로 유지해야 한다.

focus

[ˈfoʊkəs]

[명] 초점

[명] centre, focal point, heart
[동] bring into focus, concentrate, target

[명] The center of interest or activity; A point where things come together or are concentrated
[동] To direct attention to something specific; To concentrate on a particular task or subject

It is important to keep the {focus} on the patient.

환자에게 초점을 맞추는 것이 중요하다.

relationship

[rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp]

[명] 관계

[명] connection, association, relations

[명] The way in which two or more people or things are connected; A bond or connection between individuals

When you are working in healthcare, it is important to develop a solid professional {relationship} with your patients.

의료 서비스 분야에서 일할 때, 환자와의 확고한 전문적인 관계를 발전시키는 것이 중요하다.

friendly

[ˈfrendli]

[형] 친근한

[형] affectionate, amiable, warm

[형] unfriendly, hostile, unfavourable

[형] Kind and pleasant towards others; Showing warmth and approachability
[명] A match that is played for enjoyment rather than competition; A person who shows kindness and goodwill
[부] In a way that is kind and welcoming; In a manner that shows friendship

Be {friendly} to patients and always keep the focus on the patient.

환자들에게 친근하게 대하고 항상 환자에게 초점을 맞추어야 한다.

healthcare

[hélθkὲər]

[명] 의료 서비스

[명] The system that provides medical services to people; Care given to maintain or improve health
[형] Related to the maintenance or improvement of health; Pertaining to the treatment of illnesses and injuries

When you are working in {healthcare}, it is important to develop a solid professional relationship with your patients.

의료 서비스 분야에서 일할 때, 환자와의 확고한 전문적인 관계를 발전시키는 것이 중요하다.

embarrassing

[ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ]

[형] 당혹스러운

[형] shaming, humiliating, shameful

[형] Causing someone to feel self-conscious and uncomfortable; Leading to feelings of shame or awkwardness

Patients may feel that they cannot share important healthrelated information because you are their friend, and it would be {embarrassing} to share that information.

환자들은 당신이 그들의 친구이기 때문에 중요한 건강 관련 정보를 공유할 수 없다고 느낄 수 있으며, 그 정보를 공유하는 것이 당혹스러울 것이다.

selfboundaries

[명] 자기 경계

By establishing realistic {selfboundaries}, you can protect that relationship.

현실적인 자기 경계를 설정함으로써, 그 관계를 보호할 수 있다.

alcoholism

[ˈælkəhɔːlɪzəm]

[명] 알코올 중독

[명] A condition where a person has a strong desire to drink alcohol despite negative consequences; An addiction to alcohol that leads to health problems and social issues

For example, "nontasters" tend to have a higher incidence of {alcoholism}, perhaps because liquor seems less bitter to them.

예를 들어, "비미각자"는 알코올 중독의 발생률이 더 높아지는 경향이 있으며, 아마도 술이 그들에게 덜 쓴 것으로 보이기 때문이다.

deprive

[dipráiv]

[동] 박탈하다

[동] dispossess, strip, rob

[동] To prevent someone from having something; To take away something from someone

Conversely, "supertasters" may avoid nutritious but mildly bitter foods such as broccoli, thus {depriving} themselves of a balanced diet.

반면에, "슈퍼미각자"는 브로콜리와 같은 영양가 있는 하지만 약간 쓴 음식을 피할 수 있으며, 그로 인해 균형 잡힌 식단에서 박탈될 수 있다.

reveal

[rɪˈviːl]

[동] 드러내다

[동] divulge, make known, disclose

[동] hide, keep secret, conceal

[동] To make something known to others; To show or display something that was hidden
[명] The surface area of a doorway or window frame that is visible; A final disclosure of information that was not known before

Your taste pattern may {reveal} more than just taste preferences.

당신의 미각 패턴은 단순한 미각 선호도를 넘어서 드러낼 수 있다.

glamorous

[ˈɡlæmərəs]

[형] 매력적인

[형] alluring, attractive, beautiful

[형] plain, unglamorous, drab

[형] Attractive in an exciting or exotic way; Full of charm and appeal

So, although taste is not nearly as {glamorous} as vision, hearing, or even touch, it makes sense for you to pay closer attention to it because chemistry, at least in your mouth, could be destiny.

그래서 미각이 시각, 청각, 또는 심지어 촉각만큼 매력적이지는 않지만, 적어도 입 안에서는 화학이 운명일 수 있기 때문에 그것에 더 많은 주의를 기울이는 것이 합리적이다.

incidence

[ˈɪnsɪdəns]

[명] 발생률

[명] occurrence, prevalence, frequency

[명] The occurrence or frequency of something happening; The rate at which an event or condition arises

For example, "nontasters" tend to have a higher {incidence} of alcoholism, perhaps because liquor seems less bitter to them.

예를 들어, "비미각자"는 알코올 중독의 발생률이 더 높아지는 경향이 있으며, 아마도 술이 그들에게 덜 쓴 것으로 보이기 때문이다.

nutritious

[nuˈtrɪʃəs]

[형] 영양가 있는

[형] nourishing, good for one, beneficial

[형] unwholesome

[형] Containing substances that help to maintain health; Beneficial for growth and development

Conversely, "supertasters" may avoid {nutritious} but mildly bitter foods such as broccoli, thus depriving themselves of a balanced diet.

반면에, "슈퍼미각자"는 브로콜리와 같은 영양가 있는 하지만 약간 쓴 음식을 피할 수 있으며, 그로 인해 균형 잡힌 식단에서 박탈될 수 있다.

destiny

[ˈdestəni]

[명] 운명

[명] future, fate, fortune

[명] The events that are meant to happen to a person or thing in the future; A force that is believed to control future events

...because chemistry, at least in your mouth, could be {destiny}.

...왜냐하면, 적어도 입 안에서는 화학이 운명일 수 있기 때문이다.

record

[동] [rɪˈkɔːrd], [명] [ˈrekərd]

[동] 기록하다

[동] write down, set down, register
[명] account, document, diary
[형] record-breaking, best ever, its/one's best

[형] worst

[동] To write or store information for future reference; To make a permanent account of something
[명] A document or item that provides evidence of past events or actions; An official written account that contains important information
[형] Describing something that is extraordinary compared to others of its type; Indicating the best or most impressive among similar items

Coat a fresh, wet swab in salt, and gently touch various spots on your tongue, {recording} where your taste seems strongest.

신선하고 젖은 면봉에 소금을 입히고, 혀의 다양한 지점을 부드럽게 터치하여 당신의 미각이 가장 강하게 느껴지는 위치를 기록한다.

gargle

[ˈɡɑːrɡl]

[동] 가글하다

[동] To wash the mouth and throat with a liquid while making a gurgling sound; To clean one's mouth by swishing a liquid around and then spitting it out
[명] An action involving swishing liquid in the throat to clean it; A sound made when liquid is forced through the throat

Then, {gargle} with water to thoroughly clean your tongue, use a swab coated with sugar on the same spots, and record those results.

그런 다음, 물로 가글하여 혀를 철저히 청소하고, 같은 지점에 설탕을 입힌 면봉을 사용하여 결과를 기록한다.

swab

[swɑːb]

[명] 면봉

[명] A small piece of absorbent material used for cleaning or applying medication; An absorbent pad attached to a stick for taking samples or cleaning wounds
[동] To take a tissue sample for testing; To clean a surface with a swab

Coat a fresh, wet {swab} in salt, and gently touch various spots on your tongue, recording where your taste seems strongest.

신선하고 젖은 면봉에 소금을 입히고, 혀의 다양한 지점을 부드럽게 터치하여 당신의 미각이 가장 강하게 느껴지는 위치를 기록한다.

suggest

[səɡˈdʒest]

[동] 제안하다

[동] propose, recommend, imply

[동] To offer an idea for consideration or discussion; To indicate indirectly or imply something

Recent studies {suggest} links between taster status and behavioral disorders.

최근 연구에서는 미각 상태와 행동 장애 사이의 연관성을 제안한다.

balanced

[ˈbælənst]

[형] 균형 잡힌

[형] fair, equitable, just

[형] partial, monotonous, unhealthy

[형] Showing a state of balance between different elements; Having equal parts of contrasting elements

...thus depriving themselves of a {balanced} diet.

...그로 인해 균형 잡힌 식단에서 박탈될 수 있다.

link

[lɪŋk]

[명] 연관

[명] loop, connection, ring
[동] join, associate, connect

[동] detach, separate

[명] A connection or relationship between people, things, or ideas; An element that connects two or more items in a series
[동] To make a connection between two or more items; To join things together physically or conceptually
[형] Connected or joined together in a series; Forming a chain or sequence

Recent studies suggest {links} between taster status and behavioral disorders.

최근 연구에서는 미각 상태와 행동 장애 사이의 연관성을 제안한다.

bitter

[ˈbɪtə(r)]

[형] 쓴

[형] sharp, grievous, pungent

[형] sweet, pleasant, magnanimous

[형] Having a sharp and unpleasant taste; Experiencing strong feelings of anger or resentment
[명] A type of beer that has a strong hop flavor and a sharp taste; A drink made from bitter herbs that is often used for medicinal purposes
[부] In a way that is extremely harsh or severe; To an intense degree that causes pain or discomfort

For example, "nontasters" tend to have a higher incidence of alcoholism, perhaps because liquor seems less {bitter} to them.

예를 들어, "비미각자"는 알코올 중독의 발생률이 더 높아지는 경향이 있으며, 아마도 술이 그들에게 덜 쓴 것으로 보이기 때문이다.

exceed

[ɪkˈsiːd]

[동] 초과하다

[동] be more than, surpass, be greater than

[동] fall short of

[동] To be greater in number or size than something; To go beyond an established limit or expectation

In Luxembourg and France, the percentage of young adults with a master's as their highest degree {exceeded} that of those with a bachelor's as their highest degree, unlike the other three countries.

룩셈부르크와 프랑스에서는 석사 학위를 가진 젊은 성인의 비율이 학사 학위를 가진 비율을 초과했다.

master

[ˈmæstə(r)]

[명] 석사

[명] lord, overlord, ruler
[동] overcome, learn, conquer
[형] expert, main, adept

[명] servant, underling, amateur
[동] give way to, give in to
[형] lesser

[명] A person who has control over others or a situation; Someone who is highly skilled at a particular activity
[동] To completely learn a skill or subject; To succeed in controlling or dominating something
[형] Having a very high level of skill or ability; Characterized by expertise and proficiency

The Republic of Korea had the highest percentage of young adults with a bachelor's as their highest degree, but the lowest percentage of those with a {master}'s as their highest degree.

대한민국은 젊은 성인 중 학사 학위를 가진 비율이 가장 높고, 석사 학위를 가진 비율이 가장 낮았다.

bachelor

[ˈbætʃələ(r)]

[명] 학사

[명] A man who has never been married; An unmarried man
[형] Relating to a single person living alone; Describing someone who is not married

The Republic of Korea had the highest percentage of young adults with a {bachelor}'s as their highest degree, but the lowest percentage of those with a master's as their highest degree.

대한민국은 젊은 성인 중 학사 학위를 가진 비율이 가장 높고, 석사 학위를 가진 비율이 가장 낮았다.

gap

[ɡæp]

[명] 차이

[명] opening, margin, aperture

[명] A space or break in an object or between two things; An opening that separates two people or objects
[동] To create an opening or space in something; To make a notch or cut in an object

France showed the smallest {gap} of 9 percentage points between the percentages of young adults with a bachelor's and a master's as their highest degree.

프랑스는 학사와 석사 학위를 가진 젊은 성인 비율 간의 9 퍼센트 포인트로 가장 작은 차이를 보였다.

illustrate

[ˈɪləstreɪt]

[동] 설명하다

[동] decorate, demonstrate, adorn

[동] To provide pictures or drawings to explain something; To clarify an idea by giving examples or illustrations

The graph above {illustrates} the percentage of 25- to 34-year-olds (young adults) who attained either a bachelor's or a master's degree as their highest degree in five selected OECD countries as of 2022.

위 그래프는 2022년 기준으로 25세에서 34세(젊은 성인) 사이의 학사 또는 석사 학위를 가진 비율을 설명한다.

percentage

[pərˈsentɪdʒ]

[명] 비율

[명] A number or rate that represents a part of a whole out of 100; The rate, number, or amount expressed as parts per hundred
[형] Relating to a part or portion of something expressed in hundredths; Describing a ratio that is expressed as a fraction of 100

The graph above illustrates the {percentage} of 25- to 34-year-olds (young adults) who attained either a bachelor's or a master's degree as their highest degree in five selected OECD countries as of 2022.

위 그래프는 2022년 기준으로 25세에서 34세(젊은 성인) 사이의 학사 또는 석사 학위를 가진 비율을 설명한다.

selected

[siléktid]

[형] 선택된

[형] Chosen from a group or set; Picked out for a specific purpose

The graph above illustrates the percentage of 25- to 34-year-olds (young adults) who attained either a bachelor's or a master's degree as their highest degree in five {selected} OECD countries as of 2022.

위 그래프는 2022년 기준으로 25세에서 34세(젊은 성인) 사이의 학사 또는 석사 학위를 가진 비율을 설명한다.

attain

[əˈteɪn]

[동] 도달하다

[동] achieve, obtain, accomplish

[동] To succeed in achieving something; To reach a goal or desired outcome

The graph above illustrates the percentage of 25- to 34-year-olds (young adults) who {attained} either a bachelor's or a master's degree as their highest degree in five selected OECD countries as of 2022.

위 그래프는 2022년 기준으로 25세에서 34세(젊은 성인) 사이의 학사 또는 석사 학위를 가진 비율을 설명한다.

highest

[háiist]

[형] 가장 높은

[형] The greatest in height; The topmost position
[명] The greatest or most elevated level of something; The topmost point or position
[부] In the most elevated position; To the greatest degree or extent

The Republic of Korea had the {highest} percentage of young adults with a bachelor's as their highest degree, but the lowest percentage of those with a master's as their highest degree.

대한민국은 젊은 성인 중 학사 학위를 가진 비율이 가장 높고, 석사 학위를 가진 비율이 가장 낮았다.

point

[pɔɪnt]

[명] 점

[명] tip, promontory, essence
[동] aim, show, direct

[명] The sharp end of an object, like a knife or a pencil; An idea or opinion that someone wants others to understand
[동] To direct someone's attention to a specific place or object, often using a finger; To indicate something by moving a finger or object in a particular direction

France showed the smallest gap of 9 percentage {points} between the percentages of young adults with a bachelor's and a master's as their highest degree.

프랑스는 학사와 석사 학위를 가진 젊은 성인 비율 간의 9 퍼센트 포인트로 가장 작은 차이를 보였다.

enjoy

[ɪnˈdʒɔɪ]

[동] 즐기다

[동] like, take pleasure in or from, relish

[동] dislike, hate, lack

[동] To take pleasure or delight in something; To have a good time or experience joy

Let your children {enjoy} safe bicycle riding.

아이들이 안전한 자전거 타기를 즐기게 하세요.

rental

[ˈrentl]

[명] 임대

[명] The payment made to use something that belongs to someone else; The money you pay to rent an apartment or car
[형] Related to something that can be rented; Describing a property or item available for rent

(Only 10 bicycles are available for {rental.)}

(임대 가능한 자전거는 단 10대만 가능합니다.)

Registration

[ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃn]

[명] 등록

[명] The process of signing up for a service or event; The action of entering information into an official record

Handson riding practice Instructor: Northmere Elementary School teachers {Registration}

실습 자전거 타기 연습 강사: 노스미어 초등학교 교사 등록.

Schedule

[ˈskedʒuːl]

[명] 일정

[명] plan, agenda, programme
[동] arrange, plan, set

[명] A plan that outlines events and their respective times; A list of activities or events arranged by time
[동] To arrange something to happen at a specific time; To set a time for an event or activity to take place

{Schedule} · 10:00 a.m. -10:30 a.m.

일정 · 오전 10시 - 10시 30분.

recommended

[형] 권장되는

[동] To suggest something as being good or suitable; To advise someone to do something

It is {recommended} to bring your children's own bike.

아이들의 자전거를 가져오는 것이 권장됩니다.

bicycle

[ˈbaɪsɪkl]

[명] 자전거

[명] cycle, two-wheeler, pedal cycle

[명] A vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing pedals with your feet; A two-wheeled mode of transport powered by pedaling
[동] To ride a bicycle for transportation or leisure; To travel by pedaling a bicycle

It is recommended to bring your children's own {bike}.

아이들의 자전거를 가져오는 것이 권장됩니다.

Instructor

[ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)]

[명] 강사

[명] trainer, teacher, coach

[명] pupil

[명] A person who teaches a subject or skill to others; Someone who provides instruction and guidance in a specific area

Handson riding practice {Instructor}: Northmere Elementary School teachers Registration

실습 자전거 타기 연습 강사: 노스미어 초등학교 교사 등록

Tuition

[tuˈɪʃn]

[명] 수업료

[명] teaching, training, instruction

[명] The fee charged for attending a school or educational institution; Instruction given to students, often on a one-to-one basis

· {Tuition}: Free

· 수업료: 무료.

gear

[ɡɪr]

[명] 장비

[명] gearwheel, mechanism, toothed wheel
[동] equip, fit, suit

[명] A toothed wheel that interacts with others to change speed or direction; Clothing or garments worn by a person
[동] To prepare or equip something for a specific purpose; To adjust or modify something to suit a particular requirement
[형] Describing something that is excellent or very good; Used to indicate something is exciting or impressive

· Safety {gear} will be provided.

· 안전 장비가 제공됩니다.

education

[ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]

[명] 교육

[명] teaching, training, schooling

[명] ignorance

[명] The process of learning and gaining knowledge through instruction; A systematic method of teaching, often occurring in schools

Safety {education} · 10:30 a.m. -12:00 p.m.

안전 교육 · 오전 10시 30분 - 오후 12시.

Deadline

[ˈdedlaɪn]

[명] 마감일

[명] time limit, limit, cutoff point

[명] The final date or time by which a task must be finished; A specific time limit set for completing a project
[동] To make something unusable for its intended purpose; To stop an aircraft from being operational

· {Deadline}: October 10, 2025 at 12 p.m.

· 마감일: 2025년 10월 10일 오후 12시.

practice

[ˈpræktɪs]

[명] 연습

[명] application, custom, exercise

[명] The act of doing something repeatedly to improve a skill; A regular activity or routine in which something is practiced
[동] To do something repeatedly to improve skills; To perform an activity regularly as part of a routine

Handson riding {practice} Instructor: Northmere Elementary School teachers Registration

실습 자전거 타기 연습 강사: 노스미어 초등학교 교사 등록

Attention

[명] 주의

{Attention}, Northmere Elementary School parents!

노스미어 초등학교 학부모님들, 주의해 주세요!

institution

[ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃn]

[명] 기관, 제도

[명] organization, establishment, home

[명] dismissal, defrocking, halting

[명] An organization created for a specific social, educational, or professional purpose; A well-established group or organization in society

the family assumes a fundamental role in human flourishing, and living within a family {institution} is considered the essential way of life.

가족이 인간의 번영에서 근본적인 역할을 하며, 가족 제도 내에서 사는 것이 본질적인 삶의 방식으로 여겨진다.

admit

[ədˈmɪt]

[동] 인정하다

[동] let in, confess, acknowledge

[동] exclude, deny, bar

[동] To confess that something is true or valid; To allow someone or something to enter a place
[명] An individual who has been allowed entry to an institution like a school or hospital; A person who is granted access to a place or organization

{admitting} inequalities stemming from the existence of the family as long as everyone's basic freedoms and rights are safeguarded in the state.

모든 사람의 기본적인 자유와 권리가 국가에서 보호되는 한 가족의 존재로부터 유래하는 불평등을 인정한다.

impose

[ɪmˈpoʊz]

[동] 부과하다

[동] foist, force, thrust

[동] To force something upon someone; To establish rules or laws by authority

Some cultures, like the liberal one, may choose to {impose} increasing restrictions on the role of families.

자유주의 문화와 같은 일부 문화는 가족의 역할에 대한 제한을 부과하기로 선택할 수 있다.

integrity

[ɪnˈteɡrəti]

[명] 온전함, 완전함

[명] honesty, uprightness, principle

[명] dishonesty, division, fragility

[명] The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; A firm commitment to moral values and ethics

Within liberal culture, the value of fair equality of opportunity for individuals outweighs the preservation of the family's {integrity}.

자유주의 문화 내에서, 개인을 위한 공정한 기회의 평등의 가치는 가족의 온전함을 보존하는 것보다 더 중요하다.

citizen

[ˈsɪtɪzn]

[명] 시민

[명] subject, voter, national

[명] A person who belongs to a specific country and has legal rights and responsibilities; An individual recognized by law as a member of a nation

Individuals are primarily understood as family members before they are regarded as state {citizens.}

개인들은 국가의 시민으로 여겨지기 전에 주로 가족 구성원으로 이해된다.

flourishing

[flə́:riʃiŋ]

[명] 번영

[형] thriving, prosperous, successful

[형] moribund

[형] Growing rapidly and successfully; Showing healthy and vigorous development

the family assumes a fundamental role in human {flourishing}, and living within a family institution is considered the essential way of life.

가족이 인간의 번영에서 근본적인 역할을 하며, 가족 제도 내에서 사는 것이 본질적인 삶의 방식으로 여겨진다.

liberal

[ˈlɪbərəl]

[형] 자유주의의

[형] tolerant, unprejudiced, enlightened

[형] narrow-minded, intolerant, bigoted

[형] Willing to accept and respect different opinions and behaviors; Believing in an active role of government for social and political change
[명] A person who supports social and political change for the better; Someone who believes in individual rights and freedoms

Within {liberal} culture, the value of fair equality of opportunity for individuals outweighs the preservation of the family's integrity.

자유주의 문화 내에서, 개인을 위한 공정한 기회의 평등의 가치는 가족의 온전함을 보존하는 것보다 더 중요하다.

contrast

[명] [ˈkɑːntræst], [동] [kənˈtræst]

[명] 대조

[명] difference, dissimilarity, opposition
[동] differ from, differentiate, be at variance with

[명] similarity, resemblance
[동] resemble, echo, match

[명] The state of being very different from something else; A noticeable difference between two or more things
[동] To show how two things are different from each other; To compare things to highlight their differences

In {contrast}, for Confucian culture, while seeking fair equality of opportunity for individuals is important, the family assumes a fundamental role in human flourishing.

대조적으로, 유교 문화에서는 개인을 위한 공정한 기회의 평등을 추구하는 것이 중요하지만, 가족이 인간의 번영에서 근본적인 역할을 한다.

stem

[stem]

[동] 유래하다

[명] trunk, stalk, branch
[동] staunch, stop, hold back

[명] The main vertical part of a plant that supports its leaves and flowers; The stalk of a flower, fruit, or leaf that connects it to the main plant
[동] To originate or arise from a particular source; To stop something from progressing or spreading

admitting inequalities {stemming} from the existence of the family as long as everyone's basic freedoms and rights are safeguarded in the state.

모든 사람의 기본적인 자유와 권리가 국가에서 보호되는 한 가족의 존재로부터 유래하는 불평등을 인정한다.

inequality

[ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti]

[명] 불평등

[명] imbalance, disparity, injustice

[명] equality, uniformity

[명] A difference in status or quality between individuals or groups; A situation where some individuals have more advantages than others

the family possesses inherent value that should never be abandoned, even if it results in certain societal {inequalities}.

가족은 특정 사회적 불평등을 초래하더라도 절대 버려져서는 안 되는 본질적인 가치를 가지고 있다.

implement

[동] 시행하다

[명] tool, utensil, machine
[동] execute, carry out, apply

[동] hinder

[명] A tool or device used to carry out a specific task; An instrument designed to perform work
[동] To put something into action or effect; To begin to carry out a plan or idea

Some cultures, like the liberal one, may choose to impose increasing restrictions on the role of families and {implement} more egalitarian government programs.

자유주의 문화와 같은 일부 문화는 가족의 역할에 대한 제한을 부과하고 더 평등주의적인 정부 프로그램을 시행할 수 있다.

freedom

[ˈfriːdəm]

[명] 자유

[명] liberty, independence, liberation

[명] captivity, dependence, restriction

[명] The power to act, speak, or think without hindrance; A state of being free from oppression or restriction

as long as everyone's basic {freedoms} and rights are safeguarded in the state.

모든 사람의 기본적인 자유와 권리가 국가에서 보호되는 한.

egalitarian

[iˌɡælɪˈteriən]

[형] 평등주의의

[형] Believing that everyone should have equal rights and opportunities; Focused on creating a society where wealth and status are equally distributed
[명] A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for everyone; Someone who works towards reducing inequality in society
[형/명] A belief in equal rights and opportunities for all individuals; Pertaining to the principle that all people are equal

and implement more {egalitarian} government programs for education, healthcare, and other positive rights in society in the pursuit of fair equality of opportunity.

그리고 공정한 기회의 평등을 추구하기 위해 교육, 의료 및 사회의 다른 긍정적 권리에 대한 더욱 평등주의적인 정부 프로그램을 시행할 수 있다.

safeguard

[ˈseɪfɡɑːrd]

[동] 보호되다

[동] protect, afford protection to, guard
[명] protection, defence, security

[동] jeopardize

[동] To protect someone or something from damage or danger; To ensure the safety of a person or object
[명] A measure taken to protect someone or something; Something that offers protection against loss or harm

as long as everyone's basic freedoms and rights are {safeguarded} in the state.

모든 사람의 기본적인 자유와 권리가 국가에서 보호되는 한.

restriction

[rɪˈstrɪkʃn]

[명] 제한

[명] limitation, control, limit

[명] A condition that limits what can be done; A law or guideline that controls an activity

Some cultures, like the liberal one, may choose to impose increasing {restrictions} on the role of families.

자유주의 문화와 같은 일부 문화는 가족의 역할에 대한 제한을 부과하기로 선택할 수 있다.

pursuit

[pərˈsuːt]

[명] 추구

[명] chasing, pursuing, stalking

[명] The act of following someone or something in order to catch or achieve them; An activity or interest that one engages in regularly for enjoyment

in the {pursuit} of fair equality of opportunity.

공정한 기회의 평등을 추구하기 위해.

assign

[əˈsaɪn]

[동] 할당하다

[동] allocate, give, allot

[동] To allocate a task or responsibility to someone; To officially name someone to a position or role
[명] A person who is designated to receive something; An individual assigned to a particular task or role

On the other hand, other cultures, like the Confucian one, may prefer to primarily {assign} welfare responsibilities to the family.

반면, 유교 문화와 같은 다른 문화는 주로 가족에게 복지 책임을 할당하는 것을 선호할 수 있다.

inherent

[ɪnˈhɪrənt]

[형] 본질적인

[형] intrinsic, innate, natural

[형] acquired, extraneous, alien

[형] Existing as a natural and essential part of something; Belonging to the fundamental nature of someone or something

the family possesses {inherent} value that should never be abandoned, even if it results in certain societal inequalities.

가족은 특정 사회적 불평등을 초래하더라도 절대 버려져서는 안 되는 본질적인 가치를 가지고 있다.

abandon

[əˈbændən]

[동] 버리다

[동] renounce, leave, desert
[명] uninhibitedness, recklessness, dash

[동] keep, continue, claim
[명] self-control, restraint

[동] To stop supporting or helping someone or something; To leave a place or person with no intention of returning
[명] A complete lack of self-control or inhibition; An attitude of living freely without any restrictions

the family possesses inherent value that should never be {abandoned,} even if it results in certain societal inequalities.

가족은 특정 사회적 불평등을 초래하더라도 절대 버려져서는 안 되는 본질적인 가치를 가지고 있다.

publicity

[pʌbˈlɪsəti]

[명] 홍보

[명] public attention, advertising, public interest

[명] Attention received from the media about someone or something; The state of being made known to the public

This process occurs in a spiral, so that one side of an issue ends up with considerable {publicity} and the other side with very little.

이 과정은 나선형으로 발생하여 한 쪽의 이슈는 상당한 홍보를 얻고, 다른 쪽은 거의 얻지 못하게 된다.

researcher

[risə́:rtʃər]

[명] 연구자

[명] A person who conducts studies to discover new information; Someone who investigates a topic in depth

As a political {researcher} in Germany, Noelle Neumann observed that during election campaigns, certain views seemed to get more play than others, and sometimes people muted their opinions rather than talking about them, especially if those opinions were perceived to be unpopular.

독일의 정치 연구자로서, 노엘레 노이만은 선거 캠페인 동안 특정 견해가 다른 견해보다 더 많이 주목받는 것처럼 보이며, 때때로 사람들은 자신의 의견을 이야기하기보다는 약화시켰다고 관찰했다.

unpopular

[ʌnˈpɑːpjələ(r)]

[형] 인기가 없는

[형] disliked, friendless, rejected

[형] popular, liked

[형] Not liked by most people; Having little or no popularity

As a political researcher in Germany, Noelle Neumann observed that during election campaigns, certain views seemed to get more play than others, and sometimes people muted their opinions rather than talking about them, especially if those opinions were perceived to be {unpopular}.

독일의 정치 연구자로서, 노엘레 노이만은 선거 캠페인 동안 특정 견해가 다른 견해보다 더 많이 주목받는 것처럼 보이며, 때때로 사람들은 자신의 의견을 이야기하기보다는 약해지게 했다고 관찰했다.

spiral

[ˈspaɪrəl]

[명] 나선

[명] coil, helix, curl
[형] coiled, helical, winding
[동] coil, wind, twirl

[동] fall, improve

[명] A shape that curves around a central point, continually moving away or toward it; A path in which a point moves around another point while getting farther or closer
[형] Having a shape that winds in a curve around a central point; Shaped like a spiral with continuous curves
[동] To move in a circular and upward or downward path; To form or cause to take on a spiral shape

Noelle Neumann calls this the {spiral} of silence.

노엘레 노이만은 이것을 침묵의 나선이라고 부른다.

variety

[vəˈraɪəti]

[명] 다양성

[명] diversity, variation, change

[명] uniformity

[명] The quality of being different from one another; A collection of different types of something

In everyday life, people express their opinions in a {variety} of ways: they talk about them, they wear buttons, they put bumper stickers on their cars, and they post their views on social media.

일상 생활에서 사람들은 다양한 방법으로 자신의 의견을 표현한다: 그들은 그것에 대해 이야기하고, 버튼을 착용하고, 자동차에 범퍼 스티커를 붙이며, 소셜 미디어에 자신의 견해를 게시한다.

opinion

[əˈpɪnjən]

[명] 의견

[명] belief, judgement, feeling

[명] A belief or judgment formed about something that may not be based on facts; A personal view or interpretation regarding a topic or issue

As a political researcher in Germany, Noelle Neumann observed that during election campaigns, certain views seemed to get more play than others, and sometimes people muted their {opinions} rather than talking about them, especially if those opinions were perceived to be unpopular.

독일의 정치 연구자로서, 노엘레 노이만은 선거 캠페인 동안 특정 견해가 다른 견해보다 더 많이 주목받는 것처럼 보이며, 때때로 사람들은 자신의 의견을 이야기하기보다는 약해지게 했다고 관찰했다.

muted

[ˈmjuːtɪd]

[형] 약해진

[형] muffled, faint, indistinct

[형] amplified, garish

[형] Soft and quiet in sound; Not bright or vivid in color

As a political researcher in Germany, Noelle Neumann observed that during election campaigns, certain views seemed to get more play than others, and sometimes people {muted} their opinions rather than talking about them, especially if those opinions were perceived to be unpopular.

독일의 정치 연구자로서, 노엘레 노이만은 선거 캠페인 동안 특정 견해가 다른 견해보다 더 많이 주목받는 것처럼 보이며, 때때로 사람들은 자신의 의견을 이야기하기보다는 약해지게 했다고 관찰했다.

perceive

[pərˈsiːv]

[동] 인지된

[동] discern, see, recognize

[동] To become aware of something using your senses; To notice something that is happening

As a political researcher in Germany, Noelle Neumann observed that during election campaigns, certain views seemed to get more play than others, and sometimes people muted their opinions rather than talking about them, especially if those opinions were {perceived} to be unpopular.

독일의 정치 연구자로서, 노엘레 노이만은 선거 캠페인 동안 특정 견해가 다른 견해보다 더 많이 주목받는 것처럼 보이며, 때때로 사람들은 자신의 의견을 이야기하기보다는 약해지게 했다고 관찰했다.

campaign

[kæmˈpeɪn]

[명] 캠페인

[명] military operation, drive, battle
[동] crusade, fight, lobby

[명] A planned series of actions aimed at achieving a specific goal; An organized effort to achieve a particular outcome
[동] To work actively towards a specific goal, often related to social or political issues; To participate in an organized effort to support or oppose a cause

As a political researcher in Germany, Noelle Neumann observed that during election {campaigns,} certain views seemed to get more play than others, and sometimes people muted their opinions rather than talking about them, especially if those opinions were perceived to be unpopular.

독일의 정치 연구자로서, 노엘레 노이만은 선거 캠페인 동안 특정 견해가 다른 견해보다 더 많이 주목받는 것처럼 보이며, 때때로 사람들은 자신의 의견을 이야기하기보다는 약화시켰다고 관찰했다.

apt

[æpt]

[형] 경향이 있는

[형] suitable, appropriate, fitting

[형] inappropriate, unlikely, slow

[형] Suitable for the situation or purpose; Having a natural tendency or inclination
[축약] A short form of the word 'apartment'; A term referring to a type of living space

According to this theory, people are more {apt} to do these kinds of things when they perceive that others share their opinions.

이 이론에 따르면, 사람들은 다른 사람들이 자신의 의견을 공유한다고 인지할 때 이러한 행동을 할 경향이 있다.

social medium

[명] 소셜 미디어

In everyday life, people express their opinions in a variety of ways: they talk about them, they wear buttons, they put bumper stickers on their cars, and they post their views on {social media}.

일상 생활에서 사람들은 다양한 방법으로 자신의 의견을 표현한다: 그들은 그것에 대해 이야기하고, 버튼을 착용하고, 자동차에 범퍼 스티커를 붙이며, 소셜 미디어에 자신의 견해를 게시한다.

depend

[dipénd]

[동] 의존하다

[동] be contingent on, be conditional on, be dependent on

[동] To be controlled or influenced by something; To rely on someone or something for support

We further conclude that any feature {depending} on that choice, such as the particular numerical value assigned to the spatial separation between two locations, is not out there in the world apart from a choice of unit.

우리는 또한 두 위치 사이의 공간적 분리에 할당된 특정 수치 값과 같은 그 선택에 의존하는 모든 특징은 단위 선택과는 별개로 세상에 존재하지 않는다고 결론을 내린다.

feature

[ˈfiːtʃə(r)]

[명] 특징

[명] characteristic, aspect, attribute
[동] present, spotlight, star

[명] A notable quality or characteristic of something; A part of someone's face, like the eyes or mouth
[동] To have as a prominent quality or aspect; To portray or describe in detail

We further conclude that any {feature} depending on that choice, such as the particular numerical value assigned to the spatial separation between two locations, is not out there in the world apart from a choice of unit.

우리는 또한 두 위치 사이의 공간적 분리에 할당된 특정 수치 값과 같은 그 선택에 의존하는 모든 특징은 단위 선택과는 별개로 세상에 존재하지 않는다고 결론을 내린다.

separation

[ˌsepəˈreɪʃn]

[명] 분리

[명] disconnection, division, detachment

[명] unification, marriage, connection

[명] The action of dividing or being divided; The state where two or more things are apart

We further conclude that any feature depending on that choice, such as the particular numerical value assigned to the spatial {separation} between two locations, is not out there in the world apart from a choice of unit.

우리는 또한 두 위치 사이의 공간적 분리에 할당된 특정 수치 값과 같은 그 선택에 의존하는 모든 특징은 단위 선택과는 별개로 세상에 존재하지 않는다고 결론을 내린다.

arbitrary

[ˈɑːrbətreri]

[형] 임의의

[형] capricious, random, whimsical

[형] rational, logical, reasoned

[형] Based on random choice without a specific reason; Not decided by any particular system or plan
[명] A choice or decision made without a specific reason; An action based on personal preference rather than a set rule

We conclude that the choice of scale is an {arbitrary} choice in description, and that any feature that depends on that choice is scaledependent.

우리는 척도의 선택이 서술에서 임의의 선택이며, 그 선택에 의존하는 모든 특징이 척도 의존적이라고 결론을 내린다.

measure

[ˈmeʒə(r)]

[명] 측정 단위

[동] take the measurements of, quantify, calculate
[명] action, quantity, act

[동] guess, estimate

[동] To find out the size or amount of something; To determine the dimensions of an object using a tool
[명] A plan or action taken to achieve a goal; A standard unit used to express the size or amount of something

Consider units of {measure}, one kind of descriptive device we are familiar with using in physics.

물리학에서 우리가 사용하는 서술적 장치의 한 종류인 측정 단위를 고려하자.

prefer

[prɪˈfɜː(r)]

[동] 선호하다

[동] like better, favour, would rather

[동] To like one thing more than another; To choose something over another option

We conclude from this that physics does not {prefer} one unit of length over any other, and we may choose any one we like for reasons of convenience.

우리는 이것으로부터 물리학이 어떤 길이 단위를 다른 단위보다 선호하지 않으며, 편리함의 이유로 우리가 원하는 단위를 선택할 수 있다고 결론을 내린다.

conclude

[kənˈkluːd]

[동] 결론을 내리다

[동] finish, decide, understand

[동] start, begin, commence

[동] To bring something to an end; To reach a final decision or agreement

We {conclude} from this that physics does not prefer one unit of length over any other, and we may choose any one we like for reasons of convenience.

우리는 이것으로부터 물리학이 어떤 길이 단위를 다른 단위보다 선호하지 않으며, 편리함의 이유로 우리가 원하는 단위를 선택할 수 있다고 결론을 내린다.

convenience

[kənˈviːniəns]

[명] 편리함

[명] expedience, benefit, expediency

[명] inconvenience, uselessness, disadvantage

[명] The state of being able to do things easily without difficulty; The quality of being useful and easy for someone
[형] Easy to use or access; Something that allows for quick and simple use

We conclude from this that physics does not prefer one unit of length over any other, and we may choose any one we like for reasons of {convenience}.

우리는 이것으로부터 물리학이 어떤 길이 단위를 다른 단위보다 선호하지 않으며, 편리함의 이유로 우리가 원하는 단위를 선택할 수 있다고 결론을 내린다.

temperature

[ˈtemprətʃʊr]

[명] 온도

[명] The measure of heat present in an object or substance; A scale that indicates how hot or cold something is

{Temperatures} can likewise be given in terms of the Fahrenheit or Celsius or Kelvin scale, and nothing in the physics changes when we switch from one scale to another.

온도는 화씨 또는 섭씨 또는 켈빈 척도로 표현될 수 있으며, 한 척도에서 다른 척도로 전환할 때 물리학의 어떤 것도 변하지 않는다.

scale

[skeɪl]

[명] 척도

[명] plate, calibrated system, flake
[동] climb, climb up, ascend

[명] A protective layer of thin plates found on fish and reptiles; A series of musical notes arranged in ascending or descending order
[동] To remove the scales or outer layer from something; To climb up a surface or obstacle
[형] Related to a musical scale; Made according to a specific scale or proportion

Temperatures can likewise be given in terms of the Fahrenheit or Celsius or Kelvin {scale}, and nothing in the physics changes when we switch from one scale to another.

온도는 화씨 또는 섭씨 또는 켈빈 척도로 표현될 수 있으며, 한 척도에서 다른 척도로 전환할 때 물리학의 어떤 것도 변하지 않는다.

distance

[ˈdɪstəns]

[명] 거리

[명] interval, space, length
[동] withdraw, detach, separate

[명] friendliness
[동] draw closer

[명] The length of space between two points; The amount of space separating two places or objects
[동] To make something far away in position or nature; To show that you are not connected with someone or something
[형] Relating to a method of education where teachers and students are not physically present in the same location; Describing a type of learning that occurs through online platforms instead of traditional classrooms

Spatial {distances} can be given in terms of feet or meters or some other unit, and the physics will be the same regardless.

공간의 거리는 피트 또는 미터 또는 다른 단위로 표현할 수 있으며, 물리학은 변하지 않는다.

descriptive

[dɪˈskrɪptɪv]

[형] 서술적인

[형] illustrative, graphic, explanatory

[형] Relating to the act of describing something; Giving details about the characteristics or appearance of something

Consider units of measure, one kind of {descriptive} device we are familiar with using in physics.

물리학에서 우리가 사용하는 서술적 장치의 한 종류인 측정 단위를 고려하자.

assigned

[형] 할당된

[형] Given to someone for a specific purpose; Designated for a particular task or duty

We further conclude that any feature depending on that choice, such as the particular numerical value {assigned} to the spatial separation between two locations, is not out there in the world apart from a choice of unit.

우리는 또한 두 위치 사이의 공간적 분리에 할당된 특정 수치 값과 같은 그 선택에 의존하는 모든 특징은 단위 선택과는 별개로 세상에 존재하지 않는다고 결론을 내린다.

classify

[ˈklæsɪfaɪ]

[동] 분류하다

[동] categorize, file, class

[동] To arrange items into groups based on similar features; To sort things into categories with shared characteristics

There are numerous ways wildlife is managed, but they all imply stewardship and can be {classified} into two broad categories: active management and inactive management.

야생동물이 관리되는 방법은 여러 가지가 있지만, 모두 관리 책임을 의미하고 적극적 관리와 비적극적 관리라는 두 가지 넓은 범주로 분류될 수 있다.

cover

[ˈkʌvə(r)]

[명] 은신처

[동] put something on top of, conceal, coat
[명] sleeve, protection, wrapper

[동] reveal, give away, uncover

[동] To place something on top of something else, usually to protect it or hide it; To hide something from view or knowledge by placing something over it
[명] A thing that protects or hides something underneath it; An object placed over another to conceal or secure it

If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be incorporated, such as predator control to minimize neonatal deaths or habitat improvement to provide required {cover} for neonates from predators.

개체수가 관리 기관의 목표에 비해 너무 낮으면, 포식자 관리를 통해 신생아 사망을 최소화하거나 신생아에게 필요한 은신처를 제공하기 위한 서식지 개선과 같은 다른 적극적 관리가 포함될 수 있다.

population

[ˌpɑːpjuˈleɪʃn]

[명] 개체수

[명] inhabitants, residents, people

[명] All the people who live in a specific area; The total number of inhabitants in a country or region

Active management does something to the {population} ―such as increasing or decreasing its size ―in a direct manner through strategies like translocations or hunting, respectively.

적극적 관리는 개체수에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 방식으로 크기를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 일을 한다.

minimize

[동] 최소화하다

[동] keep down, reduce, keep at/to a minimum

[동] maximize, increase, praise

[동] To make something as small as possible; To reduce something to the least amount or level

If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be incorporated, such as predator control to {minimize} neonatal deaths or habitat improvement to provide required cover for neonates from predators.

개체수가 관리 기관의 목표에 비해 너무 낮으면, 포식자 관리를 통해 신생아 사망을 최소화하거나 신생아에게 필요한 은신처를 제공하기 위한 서식지 개선과 같은 다른 적극적 관리가 포함될 수 있다.

improvement

[ɪmˈpruːvmənt]

[명] 개선

[명] advance, enhancement, development

[명] deterioration

[명] A process of making something better; An example of becoming better over time

If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be incorporated, such as predator control to minimize neonatal deaths or habitat {improvement} to provide required cover for neonates from predators.

개체수가 관리 기관의 목표에 비해 너무 낮으면, 포식자 관리를 통해 신생아 사망을 최소화하거나 신생아에게 필요한 은신처를 제공하기 위한 서식지 개선과 같은 다른 적극적 관리가 포함될 수 있다.

habitat

[ˈhæbɪtæt]

[명] 서식지

[명] natural environment, home, territory

[명] unnatural surroundings

[명] The natural environment where an animal or plant lives; A location where organisms typically grow and thrive

Populations can also be actively managed by altering the {habitat} to the benefit or disadvantage of a population.

개체수는 또한 서식지를 변경하여 유익하거나 불리하게 관리될 수 있다.

translocation

[træ̀nsloukéiʃǝn]

[명] 이주

[명] The process of moving something from one place to another; Changing the position or location of an object

Active management does something to the population ―such as increasing or decreasing its size ―in a direct manner through strategies like {translocations} or hunting, respectively.

적극적 관리는 개체수에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 방식으로, 이주나 사냥과 같은 전략을 통해 크기를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 일을 한다.

alter

[ˈɔːltə(r)]

[동] 변경하다

[동] change, modify, make changes to

[동] preserve, stay the same

[동] To change something in a small but important way; To make adjustments to improve or fit something

Populations can also be actively managed by {altering} the habitat to the benefit or disadvantage of a population.

개체수는 또한 서식지를 변경하여 유익하거나 불리하게 관리될 수 있다.

activity

[ækˈtɪvəti]

[명] 활동

[명] bustle, action, hustle and bustle

[명] calm, inaction, inactivity

[명] The state of being engaged in actions or events; An occurrence or an action that takes place

In such situations, management {activities} minimize external influences on populations and habitat, which often involves management of humans and not animals.

이런 상황에서는 관리 활동이 개체수와 서식지에 대한 외부 영향을 최소화하며, 이는 종종 동물이 아닌 인간의 관리와 관련된다.

incorporate

[ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt]

[동] 포함하다

[동] absorb, include, contain

[동] separate

[동] To include something as part of a whole; To blend one thing into another to create a unified form
[형] Having a physical or bodily form; Related to a legal corporation

If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be {incorporated}, such as predator control to minimize neonatal deaths or habitat improvement to provide required cover for neonates from predators.

개체수가 관리 기관의 목표에 비해 너무 낮으면, 포식자 관리를 통해 신생아 사망을 최소화하거나 신생아에게 필요한 은신처를 제공하기 위한 서식지 개선과 같은 다른 적극적 관리가 포함될 수 있다.

predator

[ˈpredətə(r)]

[명] 포식자

[명] An animal that hunts and kills other animals for food; A creature that preys on other living beings

If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be incorporated, such as {predator} control to minimize neonatal deaths or habitat improvement to provide required cover for neonates from predators.

개체수가 관리 기관의 목표에 비해 너무 낮으면, 포식자 관리를 통해 신생아 사망을 최소화하거나 신생아에게 필요한 은신처를 제공하기 위한 서식지 개선과 같은 다른 적극적 관리가 포함될 수 있다.

stewardship

[ˈstuːərdʃɪp]

[명] 관리 책임

[명] The responsibility of overseeing or managing something; The role of a steward in taking care of resources or property

There are numerous ways wildlife is managed, but they all imply {stewardship} and can be classified into two broad categories: active management and inactive management.

야생동물이 관리되는 방법은 여러 가지가 있지만, 모두 관리 책임을 의미하고 적극적 관리와 비적극적 관리라는 두 가지 넓은 범주로 분류될 수 있다.

influence

[ˈɪnfluəns]

[명] 영향

[명] effect, control, force
[동] affect, sway, have an effect on

[명] The ability to affect the character or behavior of someone or something; The power to change or affect people or things
[동] To have an effect on someone or something; To change or affect something in a subtle way

In such situations, management activities minimize external {influences} on populations and habitat, which often involves management of humans and not animals.

이런 상황에서는 관리 활동이 개체수와 서식지에 대한 외부 영향을 최소화하며, 이는 종종 동물이 아닌 인간의 관리와 관련된다.

neonatal

[ˌniːoʊˈneɪtl]

[형] 신생아의

[형] Relating to infants who are just born; Describing the first month of an infant's life

If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be incorporated, such as predator control to minimize {neonatal} deaths or habitat improvement to provide required cover for neonates from predators.

개체수가 관리 기관의 목표에 비해 너무 낮으면, 포식자 관리를 통해 신생아 사망을 최소화하거나 신생아에게 필요한 은신처를 제공하기 위한 서식지 개선과 같은 다른 적극적 관리가 포함될 수 있다.

required

[rikwáiərd]

[형] 필요한

[형] essential, obligatory, vital

[형] optional, inessential

[형] Something that is officially necessary or mandatory; Essential for a specific purpose or situation

If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be incorporated, such as predator control to minimize neonatal deaths or habitat improvement to provide {required} cover for neonates from predators.

개체수가 관리 기관의 목표에 비해 너무 낮으면, 포식자 관리를 통해 신생아 사망을 최소화하거나 신생아에게 필요한 은신처를 제공하기 위한 서식지 개선과 같은 다른 적극적 관리가 포함될 수 있다.

strategy

[ˈstrætədʒi]

[명] 전략

[명] master plan, policy, grand design

[명] A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term goal; The art of coordinating military operations to win a war

Active management does something to the population ―such as increasing or decreasing its size ―in a direct manner through {strategies} like translocations or hunting, respectively.

적극적 관리는 개체수에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 방식으로, 이주나 사냥과 같은 전략을 통해 크기를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 일을 한다.

hunting

[ˈhʌntɪŋ]

[명] 사냥

[명] blood sports, field sports, stalking

[명] The act of pursuing and capturing wild animals; A sport or activity that involves chasing animals for food or sport
[형] Relating to or associated with the activity of chasing and capturing animals for food or sport; Describing someone who actively seeks or pursues something

Active management does something to the population ―such as increasing or decreasing its size ―in a direct manner through strategies like translocations or {hunting}, respectively.

적극적 관리는 개체수에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 방식으로, 이주나 사냥과 같은 전략을 통해 크기를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 일을 한다.

wildlife

[ˈwaɪldlaɪf]

[명] 야생동물

[명] animals, flora and fauna, fauna

[명] The animals and plants that live in the wild; Animals that are not domesticated and live in natural environments
[형] Related to animals and plants that live in their natural environment; Describing the variety of living things found in nature

There are numerous ways {wildlife} is managed, but they all imply stewardship and can be classified into two broad categories: active management and inactive management.

야생동물이 관리되는 방법은 여러 가지가 있지만, 모두 관리 책임을 의미하고 적극적 관리와 비적극적 관리라는 두 가지 넓은 범주로 분류될 수 있다.

remanufacturing

[명] 재제조

The process of rebuilding or restoring used products to like-new condition; To take an old product and make it as good as new again

Those who supported the idea that waste is necessary to drive demand failed to realize that prioritizing the elimination of waste via repair and {remanufacturing} creates a different kind of demand: products as a service.

폐기물이 수요를 이끌기 위해 필요하다는 아이디어를 지지한 사람들은 수리 및 재제조를 통한 폐기물 제거를 우선시하는 것이 제품을 서비스로 만드는 새로운 수요를 창출한다는 것을 깨닫지 못했다.

repair

[rɪˈper]

[명] 수리

[동] mend, go to, go
[명] restoration, mending, maintenance

[동] wreck, damage, worsen

[동] To fix something that is broken or damaged; To restore a device or item to its original condition
[명] The act or process of fixing something that is broken; An instance where something has been fixed

With this transition of ownership, companies maintain profit by offering maintenance and {repair} services.

소유권의 이 전환을 통해 기업은 유지보수 및 수리 서비스를 제공하여 수익을 유지한다.

Waste

[weɪst]

[명] 폐기물

[동] squander, lose, fritter away
[명] squandering, garbage, dissipation
[형] unwanted, excess, useless

[동] conserve, save, flourish
[명] saving
[형] useful, necessary, cultivated

[동] To use something carelessly or without purpose; To spend money or resources extravagantly
[명] The act of using something carelessly or unnecessarily; Any material or substance that is no longer useful or wanted
[형] Not useful anymore; discarded after a process; Left over material that is unwanted

{Waste} has historically been seen as a necessary driver of the economy.

폐기물은 역사적으로 경제의 필수 동력으로 여겨져왔다.

maintenance

[ˈmeɪntənəns]

[명] 유지보수

[명] preservation, upkeep, conservation

[명] breakdown, neglect

[명] The process of keeping something in good condition; Actions taken to preserve and care for equipment or property
[형] Related to the act of keeping something in good condition; Pertaining to actions taken to preserve functionality or quality

With this transition of ownership, companies maintain profit by offering {maintenance} and repair services.

소유권의 이 전환을 통해 기업은 유지보수 및 수리 서비스를 제공하여 수익을 유지한다.

setup

[sétʌ̀p]

[명] 설정

[명] arrangement, system, structure

[명] The process of preparing something for use; A collection of equipment intended for a specific task

Through this {setup}, companies simply lease out products that were once sold directly to the customer.

이 설정을 통해 기업은 한때 고객에게 직접 판매되었던 제품을 단순히 임대한다.

obsolescence

[ˌɑːbsəˈlesns]

[명] 노후화

[명] The process of becoming outdated or no longer useful; The state of being out of date or no longer in use

Many strategies have been incorporated into product design and use to ensure that waste is inevitable, such as planned {obsolescence}, limited access to tools for repairs, and use of cheap materials.

노후화 계획, 수리를 위한 도구에 대한 제한된 접근, 저렴한 재료의 사용 등 폐기물이 불가피하도록 하기 위해 많은 전략이 제품 설계 및 사용에 통합되었다.

economy

[ɪˈkɑːnəmi]

[명] 경제

[명] wealth, financial system, resources

[명] extravagance

[명] The overall system of production and consumption of goods and services in a specific area; The careful management and use of resources to achieve efficiency
[형] Designed to save money and reduce spending; Cost-effective and budget-friendly
[부] In a section of an airplane for passengers with lower ticket prices; In a way that is cheaper or more cost-effective

Waste has historically been seen as a necessary driver of the {economy}.

폐기물은 역사적으로 경제의 필수 동력으로 여겨져왔다.

lease

[liːs]

[동] 임대하다

[명] leasehold, rental agreement, hire agreement
[동] rent, hire, charter

[명] freehold
[동] buy, sell

[명] A legal document that allows one party to use property owned by another for a specific time in exchange for payment; An agreement between a landlord and tenant for renting a property over a set period
[동] To allow someone to use property for a specified period in exchange for payment; To grant the right to use an asset for a certain time in return for rent

Through this setup, companies simply {lease} out products that were once sold directly to the customer.

이 설정을 통해 기업은 한때 고객에게 직접 판매되었던 제품을 단순히 임대한다.

elimination

[ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃn]

[명] 제거

[명] The complete removal of something from a place or situation; The process of getting rid of waste or unwanted items

Those who supported the idea that waste is necessary to drive demand failed to realize that prioritizing the {elimination} of waste via repair and remanufacturing creates a different kind of demand: products as a service.

폐기물이 수요를 이끌기 위해 필요하다는 아이디어를 지지한 사람들은 수리 및 재제조를 통한 폐기물 제거를 우선시하는 것이 제품을 서비스로 만드는 새로운 수요를 창출한다는 것을 깨닫지 못했다.

design

[dɪˈzaɪn]

[명] 설계

[명] plan, pattern, format
[동] plan, invent, draw plans of

[명] A plan or drawing that shows how something will look and function before it is created; The arrangement and organization of parts for a specific purpose or effect
[동] To create a plan or drawing for something; To conceive the look and function of an object

Many strategies have been incorporated into product {design} and use to ensure that waste is inevitable.

폐기물이 불가피하도록 하기 위해 많은 전략이 제품 설계 및 사용에 통합되었다.

longlasting

[형] 내구성이 있는

With this transition of ownership, companies maintain profit by offering maintenance and repair services and are encouraged to develop {longlasting} products.

소유권의 이 전환을 통해 기업은 유지보수 및 수리 서비스를 제공하여 수익을 유지하고 내구성이 있는 제품을 개발하도록 장려된다.

replacement

[rɪˈpleɪsmənt]

[명] 교체

[명] successor, replacing, substitute

[명] predecessor

[명] The act of putting someone or something in the place of another; A person or thing that serves as a substitute for another

All these strategies ensure that the consumer will have limited access to the product in use and will eventually require a {replacement}.

이 모든 전략은 소비자가 사용 중인 제품에 제한된 접근을 가지게 하고 결국 교체를 요구하게 만든다.

transition

[trænˈzɪʃn]

[명] 전환

[명] change, move, passing

[명] The process of changing from one state or condition to another; A period during which a significant change takes place
[동] To go through a change from one situation to another; To move from one state or condition to another

With this {transition} of ownership, companies maintain profit by offering maintenance and repair services.

소유권의 이 전환을 통해 기업은 유지보수 및 수리 서비스를 제공하여 수익을 유지한다.

driver

[ˈdraɪvə(r)]

[명] 동력

[명] motorist, chauffeur, pilot

[명] passenger

[명] A person who operates a vehicle such as a car or bus; Someone responsible for driving a vehicle
[형] Related to a driver mast in telecommunications; Describing something that belongs to or is part of a driver mast

Waste has historically been seen as a necessary {driver} of the economy.

폐기물은 역사적으로 경제의 필수 동력으로 여겨져왔다.

inevitable

[ɪnˈevɪtəbl]

[형] 불가피한

[형] unavoidable, necessary, inescapable

[형] avoidable, uncertain

[형] Certain to happen and cannot be avoided; Impossible to evade or escape from
[명] A situation or event that cannot be prevented; Something that is bound to happen

Many strategies have been incorporated into product design and use to ensure that waste is {inevitable}, such as planned obsolescence.

계획된 노후화와 같은 방식으로 폐기물이 불가피하도록 하기 위해 많은 전략이 제품 설계 및 사용에 통합되었다.

demand

[dɪˈmænd]

[명] 수요

[명] request, market, call
[동] call for, request, require

[동] provide

[명] A strong request for something that is expected to be given; The desire of people to acquire goods or services
[동] To ask for something in a strong or forceful way; To require something urgently or insistently

Sales are tied to the amount of a product supplied, which is directly dependent on the {demand} for that product.

판매는 공급된 제품의 양에 연관되어 있으며, 이는 해당 제품에 대한 수요에 직접 의존한다.

prioritize

[praɪˈɔːrətaɪz]

[동] 우선시하다

[동] To treat something as the most important; To organize tasks so that the most important ones are done first

Those who supported the idea that waste is necessary to drive demand failed to realize that {prioritizing} the elimination of waste via repair and remanufacturing creates a different kind of demand: products as a service.

폐기물이 수요를 이끌기 위해 필요하다는 아이디어를 지지한 사람들은 수리 및 재제조를 통한 폐기물 제거를 우선시하는 것이 제품을 서비스로 만드는 새로운 수요를 창출한다는 것을 깨닫지 못했다.