official

[əˈfɪʃl]

[명] 심판, 경기 관계자

[형] authorized, formal, approved
[명] officer, administrator, bureaucrat

[형] unofficial, unauthorized, informal

[형] Relating to an authority or public body and its responsibilities; Having the approval or authorization of an authority
[명] A person who holds a position of authority in an organization or government; Someone who is in charge of making sure the rules are followed in a sport

But, once an organized game is played with {officials}, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors.

그러나 심판이 있는 상태에서 정식 경기가 진행되면, 선수 대부분은 상대방에 대한 배려를 표현하는 것보다 승리라는 최종 목표가 더 중요하기 때문에 같은 파울이나 반칙을 인정하지 않는다.

get away with

[동] (잘못을 저지르고도) 처벌을 피하다

escape, evade, avoid

be caught, suffer, pay for

To escape punishment or criticism for a bad or illegal act; To do something successfully without being noticed or caught

Situational ethics has been extended by many athletes and coaches to mean trying to {get away with} as many actions on the field or court as possible to gain competitive advantages.

상황 윤리는 많은 선수와 코치에 의해 경쟁적 이점을 얻으려고 경기장이나 코트에서 가능한 한 많은 행동을 들키지 않고 넘어가려 애쓰는 것을 의미하는 것으로 확대되어 왔다.

take into account

[동] 고려하다

consider, bear in mind, allow for

ignore, neglect, disregard

To consider or remember something when judging a situation; To include a particular fact when making a calculation or decision

Situational ethics is an ethical theory that {takes into account} the context of a situation or an act when judging whether it is ethical.

상황 윤리는 어떤 상황이나 행위가 윤리적인지를 판단할 때 그것의 맥락을 고려하는 윤리 이론이다.

organized

[ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd]

[형] 조직적인

[형] ordered, orderly, efficient

[형] disorganized, inefficient, messy

[형] Arranged or structured in a systematic and orderly way; Able to plan one's activities and tasks efficiently

But, once an {organized} game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors.

그러나 심판이 있는 상태에서 정식 경기가 진행되면, 선수 대부분은 상대방에 대한 배려를 표현하는 것보다 승리라는 최종 목표가 더 중요하기 때문에 같은 파울이나 반칙을 인정하지 않는다.

violation

[ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn]

[명] 위반, 반칙

[명] breach, infraction, infringement

[명] observance, compliance, obedience

[명] An action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement; The act of ignoring or interfering with someone's rights or privacy

But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or {violations} as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors.

그러나 심판이 있는 상태에서 정식 경기가 진행되면, 선수 대부분은 상대방에 대한 배려를 표현하는 것보다 승리라는 최종 목표가 더 중요하기 때문에 같은 파울이나 반칙을 인정하지 않는다.

acknowledge

[əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ]

[동] 인정하다

[동] admit, accept, concede

[동] deny, reject, ignore

[동] To accept or admit that something is true or exists; To show that you have noticed someone by making a gesture or greeting

In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own fouls or {acknowledge} knocking the ball out-of-bounds.

친구들끼리 하는 즉석 농구 경기에서는 모두가 자신의 파울을 스스로 선언하거나 공을 경기장 밖으로 쳐낸 것을 인정할 것으로 기대된다.

contrasting

[kənˈtræstɪŋ]

[형] 대조적인

[형] different, opposing, conflicting

[형] similar, alike, matching

[형] Showing clear and striking differences when compared; Completely different from each other in a way that is very noticeable

Possibly the following {contrasting} realities can help illustrate the application of situational ethics.

아마 다음과 같은 대조적인 현실 상황이 상황 윤리의 적용을 설명하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

permit

[pərˈmɪt]

[동] 허용하다

[동] allow, authorize, let
[명] license, pass, authorization

[동] forbid, prohibit, ban
[명] ban, prohibition, veto

[동] To officially allow someone to do something; To make something possible to happen
[명] An official document that gives someone permission to do something; A written warrant or license granted by an authority

Supporters of this theory willingly {permit} casting aside absolute moral standards.

이 이론의 지지자들은 기꺼이 절대적 도덕 기준을 버리는 것을 허용한다.

illustrate

[ˈɪləstreɪt]

[동] 설명하다, 예를 들어 보여주다

[동] demonstrate, explain, clarify

[동] obscure, confuse

[동] To make something clear or easy to understand by giving examples; To provide a book or article with pictures, diagrams, or maps

Possibly the following contrasting realities can help {illustrate} the application of situational ethics.

아마 다음과 같은 대조적인 현실 상황이 상황 윤리의 적용을 설명하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

admit

[ədˈmɪt]

[동] 인정하다

[동] confess, acknowledge, concede

[동] deny, exclude, reject

[동] To agree that something is true, especially unwillingly; To allow someone to enter a place or building

But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not {admit} to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors.

그러나 심판이 있는 상태에서 정식 경기가 진행되면, 선수 대부분은 상대방에 대한 배려를 표현하는 것보다 승리라는 최종 목표가 더 중요하기 때문에 같은 파울이나 반칙을 인정하지 않는다.

application

[ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn]

[명] 적용

[명] request, petition, claim

[명] A formal request for something, such as a job or admission; The act of putting something into use or operation

Possibly the following contrasting realities can help illustrate the {application} of situational ethics.

아마 다음과 같은 대조적인 현실 상황이 상황 윤리의 적용을 설명하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

in the absence of

[표현] ~이 없는 경우에

without, lacking, deprived of

in the presence of, with, amidst

Without something; when something is not present; Because of the lack or nonexistence of something

{In the absence of} a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, the end justifies the means.

보편적인 기준이나 법이 부재할 때 중요한 것은 결과나 결과의 영향이며, 따라서 목적이 수단을 정당화한다.

the end justifies the means

[숙어] 목적이 수단을 정당화한다

[숙어] — used to say that a desired result is so good or important that any method, even a morally bad one, may be used to achieve it

In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, {the end justifies the means}.

보편적인 기준이나 법이 부재할 때 중요한 것은 결과나 결과의 영향이며, 따라서 목적이 수단을 정당화한다.

lead to

[동] ~로 이어지다

cause, result in, bring about

prevent, stop, hinder

To result in a particular action, event, or state; To guide or conduct to a specific place or destination

Caring about one's friends and maybe getting to keep playing with the group {leads to} these actions.

친구들을 배려하고 아마도 그 그룹과 계속 함께 경기할 수 있다는 점이 이러한 행동으로 이어진다.

context

[ˈkɑːntekst]

[명] 맥락, 상황

[명] circumstances, background, setting

[명] The situation, events, or information that are related to something and help you to understand it; The words that come before and after a word or phrase and help you to understand its meaning

Situational ethics is an ethical theory that takes into account the {context} of a situation or an act when judging whether it is ethical.

상황 윤리는 어떤 상황이나 행위가 윤리적인지를 판단할 때 그것의 맥락을 고려하는 윤리 이론이다.

consequence

[ˈkɑːnsəkwens]

[명] 결과, 영향

[명] result, outcome, effect

[명] cause, origin, source

[명] A result or effect of an action or condition, often one that is bad or convenient; The state of being important or significant

In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or {consequences}; so, the end justifies the means.

보편적인 기준이나 법이 부재할 때 중요한 것은 결과나 결과의 영향이며, 따라서 목적이 수단을 정당화한다.

outcome

[ˈaʊtkʌm]

[명] 결과

[명] result, consequence, effect

[명] cause, origin, source

[명] The final result or effect of an action, process, or situation; Something that follows as a consequence of an event

In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the {outcome} or consequences; so, the end justifies the means.

보편적인 기준이나 법이 부재할 때 중요한 것은 결과나 결과의 영향이며, 따라서 목적이 수단을 정당화한다.

foul

[faʊl]

[명] 반칙

[형] dirty, filthy, smelly
[부] unfairly, dishonestly, illegally
[명] infringement, violation, offense

[형] clean, fragrant, fair
[부] fairly, honestly, cleanly
[명] fair play

[형] Having an extremely dirty or disgusting smell or taste; Not conforming to the rules of a game or sport
[부] In a way that violates the rules of a game or sport; Unfairly or dishonestly
[명] An action in a sport that is against the rules and results in a penalty; A batted ball in baseball that lands outside the field of play

In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own {fouls} or acknowledge knocking the ball out-of-bounds.

친구들끼리 하는 즉석 농구 경기에서는 모두가 자신의 파울을 스스로 선언하거나 공을 경기장 밖으로 쳐낸 것을 인정할 것으로 기대된다.

cast aside

[동] 내팽개치다, 무시하다

Supporters of this theory willingly permit {casting aside} absolute moral standards.

이 이론의 지지자들은 기꺼이 절대적 도덕 기준을 버리는 것을 허용한다.

absolute

[ˈæbsəluːt]

[형] 절대적인

[형] complete, total, utter
[명] certainty, actuality, truth

[형] partial, relative, conditional
[명] relative, variable, conditional

[형] Complete and total; not limited in any way; Free from restriction, limitation, or qualification
[명] A principle or value that is universally true and does not change; Something that exists independently without being influenced by external conditions

Supporters of this theory willingly permit casting aside {absolute} moral standards.

이 이론의 지지자들은 기꺼이 절대적 도덕 기준을 버리는 것을 허용한다.