fellow

[ˈfeloʊ]

[형] 동료의

[명] man, guy, chap
[형] associate, co-worker, companion

[형] independent, unrelated, foreign

[명] An informal word for a man or a boy; A person who is a companion, comrade, or associate in the same activity
[형] Sharing a particular activity, interest, or condition with someone else; Belonging to the same group, class, or shared situation

{Fellow} writers are ideal, but don't imagine that any writer will do.

동료 작가들이 이상적이지만, 어느 작가나 도움이 될 것이라고 상상하지 마라.

admire

[ədˈmaɪə(r)]

[동] 존경하다, 감탄하다

[동] applaud, respect, praise

[동] disapprove of, despise, loathe

[동] To regard someone or something with respect or approval; To feel admiration or respect for someone

If you are part of a writers' circle or class, you'll know whose writing you {admire}, and if you've had feedback in the past you'll know whose opinions have been helpful—and whose have not.

여러분이 작가 모임이나 수업의 일원이라면, 누구의 글을 존경하는지 알 것이며, 과거에 피드백을 받아 본 적이 있다면 누구의 의견이 도움이 되었고 누구의 의견이 그렇지 않았는지 알 것이다.

writer's circle

[명] 작가 모임

If you are part of a {writers' circle} or class, you'll know whose writing you admire, and if you've had feedback in the past you'll know whose opinions have been helpful—and whose have not.

여러분이 작가 모임이나 수업의 일원이라면, 누구의 글을 존경하는지 알 것이며, 과거에 피드백을 받아 본 적이 있다면 누구의 의견이 도움이 되었고 누구의 의견이 그렇지 않았는지 알 것이다.

feedback

[ˈfiːdbæk]

[명] 피드백, 의견

[명] response, commentary, criticism

[명] Information or comments about a person's performance or a product, used for improvement; The return of information about a result to its source to modify or control a system

The most valuable {feedback} is likely to come from other sources: you should choose readers for their critical insight, not their closeness to you.

가장 가치 있는 피드백은 다른 출처에서 나올 가능성이 높다. 여러분은 자신과의 친밀함이 아니라 그들의 비판적 통찰력을 기준으로 독자를 선택해야 한다.

critical insight

[명] 비판적 통찰력

The most valuable feedback is likely to come from other sources: you should choose readers for their {critical insight}, not their closeness to you.

가장 가치 있는 피드백은 다른 출처에서 나올 가능성이 높다. 여러분은 자신과의 친밀함이 아니라 그들의 비판적 통찰력을 기준으로 독자를 선택해야 한다.

ideal

[aɪˈdiːəl]

[형] 이상적인

[명] perfection, paragon, standard
[형] perfect, optimum, optimal

[명] reality, worst, flaw
[형] imperfect, bad, real

[명] A person or thing that is considered to be perfect; A principle, value, or standard that one actively tries to achieve
[형] Satisfying one's conception of what is perfect; Most suitable or best possible for a particular purpose

Fellow writers are {ideal}, but don't imagine that any writer will do.

동료 작가들이 이상적이지만, 어느 작가나 도움이 될 것이라고 상상하지 마라.

source

[sɔːrs]

[명] 출처, 원천

[명] origin, root, cause
[동] obtain, procure, acquire

[명] outcome, result, effect

[명] The place, person, or thing from which something originates or can be obtained; A person, book, or document that provides information
[동] To obtain goods, materials, or services from a particular place or supplier; To find out or state where information or a quote comes from

The most valuable feedback is likely to come from other {sources}: you should choose readers for their critical insight, not their closeness to you.

가장 가치 있는 피드백은 다른 출처에서 나올 가능성이 높다. 여러분은 자신과의 친밀함이 아니라 그들의 비판적 통찰력을 기준으로 독자를 선택해야 한다.

nearest and dearest

[명] 가장 가까운 가족과 친구들

You may well want to show it to your {nearest and dearest}, and that's fine, but in most cases you shouldn't look to their reading for any great benefit to your work.

여러분은 자신의 작품을 가장 가깝고 소중한 사람들에게 보여 주고 싶을 수 있으며, 그것은 괜찮지만, 대부분의 경우 작품에 큰 이득을 얻기 위해 그들의 읽기에 기대서는 안 된다.

opinion

[əˈpɪnjən]

[명] 의견

[명] belief, judgment, viewpoint

[명] fact, certainty, reality

[명] A personal belief or judgment about something that is not necessarily based on proof; The thoughts or beliefs of a group of people or the general public

If you are part of a writers' circle or class, you'll know whose writing you admire, and if you've had feedback in the past you'll know whose {opinions} have been helpful—and whose have not.

여러분이 작가 모임이나 수업의 일원이라면, 누구의 글을 존경하는지 알 것이며, 과거에 피드백을 받아 본 적이 있다면 누구의 의견이 도움이 되었고 누구의 의견이 그렇지 않았는지 알 것이다.

valuable

[ˈvæljuəbl]

[형] 가치 있는

[형] precious, costly, priceless
[명] treasure, possession, heirloom

[형] worthless, cheap, useless
[명] trash, junk, worthless item

[형] Worth a great deal of money; Extremely useful, helpful, or important
[명] A personal possession of great worth, such as jewelry, typically referred to in the plural form; An item of high monetary value or personal significance

The most {valuable} feedback is likely to come from other sources: you should choose readers for their critical insight, not their closeness to you.

가장 가치 있는 피드백은 다른 출처에서 나올 가능성이 높다. 여러분은 자신과의 친밀함이 아니라 그들의 비판적 통찰력을 기준으로 독자를 선택해야 한다.

imagine

[ɪˈmædʒɪn]

[동] 상상하다

[동] visualize, envisage, envision

[동] know, prove

[동] To form a picture or idea in one's mind; To believe that something is true or exists without absolute proof

Fellow writers are ideal, but don't {imagine} that any writer will do.

동료 작가들이 이상적이지만, 어느 작가나 도움이 될 것이라고 상상하지 마라.

helpful

[ˈhelpfl]

[형] 도움이 되는

[형] useful, beneficial, supportive

[형] useless, unhelpful, hindering

[형] Providing useful assistance or aid; Willing and ready to help other people

If you are part of a writers' circle or class, you'll know whose writing you admire, and if you've had feedback in the past you'll know whose opinions have been {helpful}—and whose have not.

여러분이 작가 모임이나 수업의 일원이라면, 누구의 글을 존경하는지 알 것이며, 과거에 피드백을 받아 본 적이 있다면 누구의 의견이 도움이 되었고 누구의 의견이 그렇지 않았는지 알 것이다.

closeness

[klóusnis]

[명] 가까움, 친밀함

[명] intimacy, proximity, nearness

[명] distance, remoteness, aloofness

[명] The state of being only a short distance away in space or time; A quality of affection, trust, and intimacy in a relationship

The most valuable feedback is likely to come from other sources: you should choose readers for their critical insight, not their {closeness} to you.

가장 가치 있는 피드백은 다른 출처에서 나올 가능성이 높다. 여러분은 자신과의 친밀함이 아니라 그들의 비판적 통찰력을 기준으로 독자를 선택해야 한다.

Reforestation

[명] 재조림

[명] afforestation, replanting, revegetation

[명] deforestation

[명] The process of planting trees on land that was once a forest; The act of renewing forest cover by planting seeds or young trees

Join us for a meaningful morning at the annual Ashwood Dunes {Reforestation} Event.

매년 개최되는 Ashwood Dunes 재조림 행사에서 뜻깊은 오전 시간을 함께해 주세요.

reusable

[ˌriːˈjuːzəbl]

[형] 재사용할 수 있는

[형] recyclable, multi-use, renewable
[명] recyclable, returnable, multiuse item

[형] disposable, single-use, throwaway
[명] disposable, throwaway, single-use item

[형] Able to be used again or more than once; Capable of being used repeatedly, especially after being cleaned or processed
[명] An item designed to be used more than once rather than thrown away; A product, such as a container or diaper, that can be cleaned and used again

Participants who plant five trees will receive a {reusable} water bottle.

5그루를 심는 참가자는 재사용 가능한 물병을 받습니다.

registration

[ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃn]

[명] 등록

[명] enrollment, booking, entry

[명] cancellation, withdrawal, resignation

[명] The act of putting a name or other facts in an official record; The process of signing up for a course, school, or event

Online {registration} is encouraged, but onsite signups will be available on the day of the event.

온라인 등록을 권장하나, 행사 당일에 현장 등록도 가능합니다.

restore

[rɪˈstɔː(r)]

[동] 복원하다

[동] re-establish, renovate, revive

[동] destroy, neglect, damage

[동] To return something to its former, original, or normal state; To repair or clean something old so that it looks new again

Volunteers will plant native tree seedlings to help {restore} the local environment.

자원봉사자들은 지역 환경을 복원하는 것을 돕기 위해 토착 나무 묘목을 심게 됩니다.

volunteer

[ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr]

[명] 자원봉사자

[명] enlistee, helper, candidate
[동] offer, proffer, tender
[형] voluntary, unpaid, freewill

[명] conscript, draftee
[동] refuse, withdraw, force
[형] compulsory, forced, obligatory

[명] A person who freely offers to do a task or help others without being paid; Someone who chooses to join the military of their own free will
[동] To freely offer to do something without being forced or paid; To offer your services or help willingly
[형] Of, relating to, or done by people who work without pay; Consisting of or run by unpaid helpers rather than professionals

{Volunteers} will plant native tree seedlings to help restore the local environment.

자원봉사자들은 지역 환경을 복원하는 것을 돕기 위해 토착 나무 묘목을 심게 됩니다.

seedling

[ˈsiːdlɪŋ]

[명] 묘목

[명] sprout, shoot, sapling

[명] A young plant that has recently grown from a seed; A very young tree that is smaller than a sapling

Volunteers will plant native tree {seedlings} to help restore the local environment.

자원봉사자들은 지역 환경을 복원하는 것을 돕기 위해 토착 나무 묘목을 심게 됩니다.

native

[ˈneɪtɪv]

[형] 토착의, 지역 고유의

[형] indigenous, local, original
[명] inhabitant, resident, local

[형] foreign, exotic, imported
[명] foreigner, outsider, alien

[형] Associated with the place or circumstances of a person's birth; Living or growing naturally in a particular region
[명] A person who was born in a particular place; An original inhabitant of a country or region

Volunteers will plant {native} tree seedlings to help restore the local environment.

자원봉사자들은 지역 환경을 복원하는 것을 돕기 위해 토착 나무 묘목을 심게 됩니다.

require

[rɪˈkwaɪə(r)]

[동] 필요로 하다

[동] need, demand, necessitate

[동] obviate, spare, yield

[동] To need something for a specific purpose; To demand or insist upon something as a rule

No special skills are {required}, so feel free to join us.

특별한 기술은 요구되지 않으니 마음껏 함께해 주세요.

encourage

[ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒ]

[동] 권장하다

[동] hearten, inspire, cheer

[동] discourage, dissuade, hinder

[동] To give support, confidence, or hope to someone; To persuade someone to do something by giving support and advice

Online registration is {encouraged}, but onsite signups will be available on the day of the event.

온라인 등록을 권장하나, 행사 당일에 현장 등록도 가능합니다.

guideline

[ˈɡaɪdlaɪn]

[명] 지침

[명] recommendation, instruction, direction

[명] A general rule, principle, or piece of advice that helps you make a decision; An official instruction or recommendation on how something should be done

The event {guidelines} say to bring a hat and gloves.

행사 지침에는 모자와 장갑을 가져오라고 안내되어 있습니다.

instruction

[ɪnˈstrʌkʃn]

[명] 지시, 안내

[명] direction, order, command

[명] Detailed information on how to do or use something; An official order or direction to do something

Follow {instructions} from the event staff.

행사 직원의 안내를 잘 따라주세요.

staff

[stæf]

[명] 직원

[명] personnel, employees, workforce
[동] man, people, crew
[형] administrative, personnel, internal

[명] employer
[동] dismiss, discharge, fire
[형] external, freelance, temporary

[명] The group of people who are employed by an organization or business; A long, thick stick used as an aid for walking or climbing
[동] To provide an organization or business with workers; To work in an organization as a member of its staff
[형] Relating to or belonging to the permanent employees of an organization; Providing support, advice, or assistance rather than being directly involved in production

Follow instructions from the event {staff}.

행사 직원의 안내를 잘 따라주세요.

onsite

[형] 현장의

[형] on-the-spot, in-house, local

[형] offsite, remote, distant

[형] Located, taking place, or available at a particular place or venue; Happening or existing on the actual premises of a business or organization

Online registration is encouraged, but {onsite} signups will be available on the day of the event.

온라인 등록을 권장하나, 행사 당일에 현장 등록도 가능합니다.

commemorative

[kəˈmeməreɪtɪv]

[형] 기념의

[형] memorial, remembrance, celebratory
[명] keepsake, memento, souvenir

[형] Made or done to honor and remember an important person or event; Serving as a lasting tribute or memorial to something
[명] An object such as a coin or stamp produced to honor a person or event; A special item made to keep the memory of an important occasion alive

All participants will get a {commemorative} badge.

모든 참가자는 기념 배지를 받을 것입니다.

meaningful

[ˈmiːnɪŋfl]

[형] 의미 있는

[형] significant, important, worthwhile

[형] meaningless, trivial, insignificant

[형] Having a clear meaning or purpose; Serious, important, or worthwhile

Join us for a {meaningful} morning at the annual Ashwood Dunes Reforestation Event.

매년 개최되는 Ashwood Dunes 재조림 행사에서 뜻깊은 오전 시간을 함께해 주세요.

environment

[ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]

[명] 환경

[명] surroundings, habitat, setting

[명] The natural world, including land, water, air, plants, and animals; The conditions and surroundings in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates

Volunteers will plant native tree seedlings to help restore the local {environment}.

자원봉사자들은 지역 환경을 복원하는 것을 돕기 위해 토착 나무 묘목을 심게 됩니다.

Wilderness

[ˈwɪldərnəs]

[명] 황야, 자연보호 구역

The event will take place at Ashwood Dunes {Wilderness}.

행사는 Ashwood Dunes 자연보호 구역에서 열립니다.

niche

[nɪtʃ]

[명] 적합한 사회적 위치

[명] recess, alcove, nook
[형] specialized, specific, targeted

[형] broad, general, mainstream

[명] A job, position, or activity that is very suitable for someone; A specialized segment of the market for a particular kind of product or service
[형] Appealing to a small, specialized section of the population; Relating to products or services designed for a very specific market

In fact, living in those hotels is problematic because the student residents are not a part of a stable group with people who will be their neighbors for the year; they must wait in uncertainty before finding their social {niche}.

사실, 이런 호텔에서 사는 것이 문제가 되는데, 그 학생 거주자들이 그해 동안 이웃이 될 사람들과 함께하는 안정적인 집단의 일원이 아니기 때문이다; 그들은 자신의 사회적 적소를 찾기 전까지 불확실한 상태에서 기다려야 한다.

problematic

[형] 문제가 있는

[형] troublesome, tricky, questionable

[형] straightforward, simple, easy

[형] Causing or presenting a problem, difficulty, or doubt; Hard to deal with, solve, or understand

It is easy to understand why living in the lounge is {problematic} (no closet, for one thing).

라운지에서 사는 것이 왜 문제가 있는지 이해하기 쉽다(우선 옷장이 없다).

shared

[형] 공유된

common, joint, collective

private, individual, personal

Owned, used, or experienced by more than one person; Common to or held in common by two or more people

Most important, people prefer to develop meanings that are {shared} with other people.

가장 중요한 점은, 사람들이 다른 사람들과 공유되는 의미를 발전시키는 것을 선호한다는 것이다.

uncertainty

[ʌnˈsɜːrtnti]

[명] 불확실성

[명] unpredictability, doubtfulness, indecision

[명] certainty, predictability, confidence

[명] The state of being unsure or not knowing what will happen; A situation or thing that is not clear or decided

The {uncertainty} itself is the problem.

불확실성 그 자체가 문제이다.

fundamental

[ˌfʌndəˈmentl]

[형] 근본적인

[형] basic, essential, primary
[명] basis, foundation, principle

[형] secondary, incidental, unimportant
[명] accessory, trivia, extra

[형] Forming a necessary base or core from which other things develop; Of central importance or extremely significant to something
[명] A central or primary rule or principle on which something is based; One of the basic and important parts of something

Of the cognitive motivations, the most {fundamental} one encourages people to understand their environment to predict what is going to happen in case of uncertainties.

인지적 동기 중에서, 가장 근본적인 것은 사람들이 불확실성의 경우에 무엇이 일어날지 예측하기 위해 자신의 환경을 이해하게 한다.

end up

[동] 결국 ~하게 되다

[동] wind up, finish, terminate

[동] start, begin, commence

[동] To reach a particular place or situation, often unexpectedly; To eventually do something or arrive at a final state

For example, if in a given year more people accept offers of admission than a college expects, quite a few students {end up} living in dorm lounges or campus hotels.

예를 들어, 어떤 해에 대학이 예상한 것보다 더 많은 사람이 입학 허가를 받아들이면, 꽤 다수의 학생이 결국 기숙사 라운지나 캠퍼스 호텔에서 살게 된다.

predict

[prɪˈdɪkt]

[동] 예측하다

[동] forecast, foretell, foresee

[동] To say that something will happen in the future; To forecast an event based on current information or trends

Of the cognitive motivations, the most fundamental one encourages people to understand their environment to {predict} what is going to happen in case of uncertainties.

인지적 동기 중에서, 가장 근본적인 것은 사람들이 불확실성의 경우에 무엇이 일어날지 예측하기 위해 자신의 환경을 이해하게 한다.

cognitive

[ˈkɑːɡnətɪv]

[형] 인지의

[형] mental, intellectual, rational

[형] emotional, physical, affective

[형] Relating to the mental process of knowing, thinking, learning, and judging; Connected with conscious mental activities such as thinking and understanding

Of the {cognitive} motivations, the most fundamental one encourages people to understand their environment to predict what is going to happen in case of uncertainties.

인지적 동기 중에서, 가장 근본적인 것은 사람들이 불확실성의 경우에 무엇이 일어날지 예측하기 위해 자신의 환경을 이해하게 한다.

motivation

[ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃn]

[명] 동기

[명] incentive, inspiration, stimulus

[명] apathy, discouragement, indifference

[명] The reason or reasons behind a particular way of acting or behaving; A strong willingness or desire to do something

Of the cognitive {motivations}, the most fundamental one encourages people to understand their environment to predict what is going to happen in case of uncertainties.

인지적 동기 중에서, 가장 근본적인 것은 사람들이 불확실성의 경우에 무엇이 일어날지 예측하기 위해 자신의 환경을 이해하게 한다.

stable

[ˈsteɪbl]

[형] 안정된

[명] barn, mews, stall
[형] steady, firm, secure
[동] house, shelter, lodge

[형] unstable, insecure, shaky

[명] A building designed and used for keeping and feeding horses; An establishment where racehorses are kept, trained, and cared for
[형] Firmly fixed or not likely to move or change; Not deteriorating in health after an illness or injury
[동] To put or keep an animal, especially a horse, in a stable; To dwell or live in a place like a stable

In fact, living in those hotels is problematic because the student residents are not a part of a {stable} group with people who will be their neighbors for the year; they must wait in uncertainty before finding their social niche.

사실, 이런 호텔에서 사는 것이 문제가 되는데, 그 학생 거주자들이 그해 동안 이웃이 될 사람들과 함께하는 안정적인 집단의 일원이 아니기 때문이다; 그들은 자신의 사회적 적소를 찾기 전까지 불확실한 상태에서 기다려야 한다.

resident

[ˈrezɪdənt]

[명] 거주자

[명] inhabitant, citizen, local
[형] living, residing, settled

[명] nonresident, visitor, transient
[형] visiting, nonresident, migratory

[명] A person who lives in a particular place on a long-term or permanent basis; A doctor who is receiving specialized training in a hospital
[형] Living in a particular place on a long-term basis; Staying or living at a place where one works

In fact, living in those hotels is problematic because the student {residents} are not a part of a stable group with people who will be their neighbors for the year; they must wait in uncertainty before finding their social niche.

사실, 이런 호텔에서 사는 것이 문제가 되는데, 그 학생 거주자들이 그해 동안 이웃이 될 사람들과 함께하는 안정적인 집단의 일원이 아니기 때문이다; 그들은 자신의 사회적 적소를 찾기 전까지 불확실한 상태에서 기다려야 한다.

lack

[læk]

[동] 부족하다

[명] absence, shortage, deficit
[동] need, want, require

[명] abundance, sufficiency, surplus
[동] have, possess, own

[명] The state of not having any or enough of something; A shortage or deficiency of a necessary resource
[동] To be entirely without something; To not have enough of something necessary or desirable

People {lack} a shared social understanding, normally developed from membership in a stable group.

사람들은 안정적인 집단의 소속으로부터 보통 발전되는 공유된 사회적 이해가 결여되어 있다.

membership

[ˈmembərʃɪp]

[명] 소속

[명] belonging, participation, enrollment

[명] The state of being a member of a group or organization; The collective body of members in an organization

People lack a shared social understanding, normally developed from {membership} in a stable group.

사람들은 안정적인 집단의 소속으로부터 보통 발전되는 공유된 사회적 이해가 결여되어 있다.

admission

[ədˈmɪʃn]

[명] 입학 허가

[명] admittance, entry, access

[명] The act of allowing someone to enter a place or organization; A statement that acknowledges the truth of something

For example, if in a given year more people accept offers of {admission} than a college expects, quite a few students end up living in dorm lounges or campus hotels.

예를 들어, 어떤 해에 대학이 예상한 것보다 더 많은 사람이 입학 허가를 받아들이면, 꽤 다수의 학생이 결국 기숙사 라운지나 캠퍼스 호텔에서 살게 된다.

style

[staɪl]

[명] 스타일, 양식

[명] manner, way, method
[동] design, fashion, shape

[명] A particular way or manner in which something is done, created, or performed; A distinctive appearance, design, or form of something
[동] To design, shape, or arrange something in a particular way; To call or designate someone by a specific name or title

While reviewing several options, we felt that your design {style} and printing formats seemed to suit our needs well.

여러 선택지를 검토하던 중, 귀사의 디자인 스타일과 인쇄 형식이 저희의 요구사항에 잘 맞는 것 같다고 느꼈습니다.

full color

[명] 풀 컬러, 완전한 색상 인쇄

We intend to make a four-page brochure and print 500 copies in {full color}.

저희는 네 쪽의 소책자를 만들어 풀 컬러로 500부 인쇄할 계획입니다.

design

[dɪˈzaɪn]

[명] 디자인

[명] plan, pattern, blueprint
[동] plan, devise, draft

[동] destroy, ruin, neglect

[명] A drawing or plan that shows how something will look and work before it is made; The way in which something has been planned and made
[동] To plan and make decisions about the look and function of something; To create or construct something according to a detailed plan

As we wish to update the overall {design} of our brochure, we are considering working with a new printing company.

저희는 소책자의 전반적인 디자인을 업데이트하고 싶어서 새로운 인쇄 회사와 함께 일하는 것을 고려하고 있습니다.

assistance

[əˈsɪstəns]

[명] 도움, 지원

[명] help, aid, support

[명] hindrance, obstruction, impediment

[명] The act of helping or support given to someone; The provision of resources, money, or information to aid a person or cause

Thank you very much for your time and {assistance}.

시간 내어 도움을 주셔서 대단히 감사합니다.

format

[ˈfɔːrmæt]

[명] 형식

[명] layout, design, arrangement
[동] arrange, organize, design

[동] disorganize, muddle, jumble

[명] The way in which something is arranged or set out; The shape, size, and general presentation of a publication
[동] To arrange or organize text, pictures, or data in a particular style or layout; To prepare a computer disk or storage medium to receive and store new data

While reviewing several options, we felt that your design style and printing {formats} seemed to suit our needs well.

여러 선택지를 검토하던 중, 귀사의 디자인 스타일과 인쇄 형식이 저희의 요구사항에 잘 맞는 것 같다고 느꼈습니다.

response

[rɪˈspɑːns]

[명] 답변, 응답

[명] answer, reaction, reply

[명] question, query, stimulus

[명] A spoken or written answer to a question or statement; A physical or emotional reaction to a specific stimulus or event

I look forward to your {response}.

귀하의 답변을 기다리겠습니다.

brochure

[broʊˈʃʊr]

[명] 소책자, 안내 책자

[명] pamphlet, booklet, leaflet

[명] A small, thin book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product, service, or place; A printed booklet used for promotional or informational purposes

To whom it may concern, I am a teacher at Pendington High School, and we are currently preparing a new school promotional {brochure}.

관계자분께, 저는 Pendington 고등학교의 교사이며 현재 새로운 학교 홍보 소책자를 준비하고 있습니다.

promotional

[prəˈmoʊʃənl]

[형] 홍보의

[형] advertising, publicity, marketing

[형] demotional

[형] Relating to the publicizing of a product or service to increase sales; Used to make people aware of something and increase its popularity

To whom it may concern, I am a teacher at Pendington High School, and we are currently preparing a new school {promotional} brochure.

관계자분께, 저는 Pendington 고등학교의 교사이며 현재 새로운 학교 홍보 소책자를 준비하고 있습니다.

intend

[ɪnˈtend]

[동] 의도하다, 계획하다

[동] plan, mean, aim

[동] To have a plan or purpose in mind; To design or design for a particular use or future

We {intend} to make a four-page brochure and print 500 copies in full color.

저희는 네 쪽의 소책자를 만들어 풀 컬러로 500부 인쇄할 계획입니다.

printing company

[명] 인쇄 회사

As we wish to update the overall design of our brochure, we are considering working with a new {printing company}.

저희는 소책자의 전반적인 디자인을 업데이트하고 싶어서 새로운 인쇄 회사와 함께 일하는 것을 고려하고 있습니다.

option

[ˈɑːpʃn]

[명] 선택지

[명] choice, alternative, selection
[동] license, lease, commission

[명] obligation, necessity, requirement
[동] sell, release, forfeit

[명] Something that can be chosen from a set of possibilities; The freedom or right to choose between different things
[동] To buy or sell the right to purchase something in the future; To acquire the exclusive right to use a work for a film

While reviewing several {options}, we felt that your design style and printing formats seemed to suit our needs well.

여러 선택지를 검토하던 중, 귀사의 디자인 스타일과 인쇄 형식이 저희의 요구사항에 잘 맞는 것 같다고 느꼈습니다.

copy

[ˈkɑːpi]

[명] 사본, 인쇄물

[명] duplicate, reproduction, photocopy
[동] duplicate, reproduce, replicate

[명] original
[동] create, originate

[명] An identical duplicate of an original document or object; A single specimen of a book, magazine, or other publication
[동] To make an identical or very similar version of something; To write down information exactly as it is shown elsewhere

We intend to make a four-page brochure and print 500 {copies} in full color.

저희는 네 쪽의 소책자를 만들어 풀 컬러로 500부 인쇄할 계획입니다.

concern

[kənˈsɜːrn]

[명] 관계자, 우려

[동] worry, affect, involve
[명] anxiety, worry, affair

[명] indifference, apathy, unconcern

[동] To relate to or be about a particular subject; To make someone feel worried or anxious
[명] A feeling of worry or anxiety about a situation; A matter of interest, importance, or responsibility to someone

To whom it may {concern}, I am a teacher at Pendington High School, and we are currently preparing a new school promotional brochure.

관계자분께, 저는 Pendington 고등학교의 교사이며 현재 새로운 학교 홍보 소책자를 준비하고 있습니다.

effectively

[ɪˈfektɪvli]

[부] 효과적으로

[부] successfully, efficiently, practically

[부] ineffectively, inefficiently, uselessly

[부] In a way that produces a desired or successful result; Actually or in practice, even if not official or explicit

This will greatly help us in setting our budget and schedule more {effectively}.

이는 저희가 예산과 일정을 더 효과적으로 정하는 데 크게 도움이 될 것입니다.

suit

[suːt]

[동] 적합하다

[명] outfit, costume, ensemble
[동] fit, match, befit

[동] clash, mismatch, displease

[명] A set of outer clothes made of the same fabric, typically consisting of a jacket and trousers or a skirt; A process by which a court of law makes a decision to settle a disagreement; a lawsuit
[동] To be convenient, acceptable, or right for someone; To look attractive on someone or enhance their appearance

While reviewing several options, we felt that your design style and printing formats seemed to {suit} our needs well.

여러 선택지를 검토하던 중, 귀사의 디자인 스타일과 인쇄 형식이 저희의 요구사항에 잘 맞는 것 같다고 느꼈습니다.

proceed

[proʊˈsiːd]

[동] 진행하다

[동] continue, advance, progress

[동] stop, halt, discontinue

[동] To continue doing something after a pause or interruption; To move forward or travel in a particular direction

Before {proceeding}, we would like to ask you how much it would cost.

일을 진행하기에 앞서, 비용이 얼마나 들지 문의드리고 싶습니다.

overall

[부] [ˌoʊvərˈɔːl], [명] [ˈoʊvərɔːl]

[형] 전반적인

[형] general, comprehensive, total
[부] generally, altogether, mostly
[명] dungarees, coveralls, boiler suit

[형] specific, particular, detailed
[부] partially, specifically

[형] Considering everything as a whole; Including all parts or aspects
[부] When taking everything into consideration; As a whole or in general
[명] A one-piece protective garment worn over regular clothes to keep them clean during manual labor; Trousers made of strong material with a bib and shoulder straps, often worn by workers

As we wish to update the {overall} design of our brochure, we are considering working with a new printing company.

저희는 소책자의 전반적인 디자인을 업데이트하고 싶어서 새로운 인쇄 회사와 함께 일하는 것을 고려하고 있습니다.

cost

[kɔːst]

[명] 비용

[명] price, expense, expenditure
[동] be priced at, sell for, come to

[명] profit, gain, benefit

[명] The amount of money that must be paid to buy or obtain something; The effort, loss, or sacrifice necessary to achieve a specific goal
[동] To have a specific price or require a payment of money; To cause the loss of something valuable, such as a life or a job

Before proceeding, we would like to ask you how much it would {cost}.

일을 진행하기에 앞서, 비용이 얼마나 들지 문의드리고 싶습니다.

consider

[kənˈsɪdə(r)]

[동] 고려하다

[동] contemplate, ponder, deliberate

[동] ignore, neglect, disregard

[동] To think carefully about something before making a decision; To regard or believe someone or something to be a particular thing

As we wish to update the overall design of our brochure, we are {considering} working with a new printing company.

저희는 소책자의 전반적인 디자인을 업데이트하고 싶어서 새로운 인쇄 회사와 함께 일하는 것을 고려하고 있습니다.

recommend

[ˌrekəˈmend]

[동] 추천하다

[동] suggest, advise, endorse

[동] discourage, disapprove, reject

[동] To suggest someone or something as the best choice for a specific purpose; To advise a particular course of action as beneficial or necessary

By curating what we see, what we are {recommended}, and what options are presented to us, they subtly, and sometimes not so subtly, nudge us towards particular paths.

우리가 무엇을 보고, 무엇을 추천받으며, 어떤 선택지가 우리에게 제시되는지를 선별함으로써, 알고리즘은 미묘하게, 때로는 그렇게 미묘하지 않게 우리를 특정 경로로 유도한다.

beneficial

[ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl]

[형] 유익한

[형] advantageous, favourable, useful

[형] harmful, detrimental, disadvantageous

[형] Producing good or helpful results or effects; Helpful or advantageous to someone or something

While nudges can be used for {beneficial} purposes, such as encouraging healthier habits, they also carry the potential for manipulation, particularly when the underlying objectives of the architects are not aligned with the wellbeing or autonomy of the individual.

넛지는 더 건강한 습관을 권장하는 것과 같은 유익한 목적으로 사용될 수 있지만, 설계자의 근본적인 목표가 개인의 복지나 자율성과 일치하지 않을 때 조작의 가능성도 내포한다.

curate

[ˈkjʊrət]

[동] 선별하다

[명] assistant priest, clergyman, minister
[동] organize, select, arrange

[동] disorganize, neglect, ignore

[명] A member of the clergy who assists a vicar or parish priest; A clergyman who is in charge of a parish
[동] To select, organize, and look after items in a collection or exhibition; To choose and arrange content or items for a website, store, or event

By {curating} what we see, what we are recommended, and what options are presented to us, they subtly, and sometimes not so subtly, nudge us towards particular paths.

우리가 무엇을 보고, 무엇을 추천받으며, 어떤 선택지가 우리에게 제시되는지를 선별함으로써, 알고리즘은 미묘하게, 때로는 그렇게 미묘하지 않게 우리를 특정 경로로 유도한다.

diverse perspective

[명] 다양한 관점

It means actively seeking out {diverse perspectives}, challenging algorithmic recommendations, and making deliberate choices that go against the predicted grain.

이는 적극적으로 다양한 관점을 찾고, 알고리즘의 추천에 도전하며, 예측된 흐름에 반하는 의도적인 선택을 하는 것을 의미한다.

underlying

[ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ]

[형] 근본적인

[형] fundamental, basic, essential

[형] superficial, overt, surface

[형] Being the cause, basis, or foundation of something, though not always obvious; Lying or situated directly beneath or below something else

While nudges can be used for beneficial purposes, such as encouraging healthier habits, they also carry the potential for manipulation, particularly when the {underlying} objectives of the architects are not aligned with the wellbeing or autonomy of the individual.

넛지는 더 건강한 습관을 권장하는 것과 같은 유익한 목적으로 사용될 수 있지만, 설계자의 근본적인 목표가 개인의 복지나 자율성과 일치하지 않을 때 조작의 가능성도 내포한다.

critical engagement

[명] 비판적 관여

It requires a conscious effort to maintain {critical engagement} with the technologies we use.

이는 우리가 사용하는 기술과 비판적인 관계를 유지하려는 의식적인 노력을 필요로 한다.

manipulation

[məˌnɪpjuˈleɪʃn]

[명] 조작

[명] control, influence, exploitation

[명] honesty, helplessness, impotence

[명] The action of controlling or influencing something with skill; The practice of controlling someone in an unfair or deceptive way

While nudges can be used for beneficial purposes, such as encouraging healthier habits, they also carry the potential for {manipulation}, particularly when the underlying objectives of the architects are not aligned with the wellbeing or autonomy of the individual.

넛지는 더 건강한 습관을 권장하는 것과 같은 유익한 목적으로 사용될 수 있지만, 설계자의 근본적인 목표가 개인의 복지나 자율성과 일치하지 않을 때 조작의 가능성도 내포한다.

align

[əˈlaɪn]

[동] 일치시키다

[동] line up, arrange, coordinate

[동] disalign, disorganize, divide

[동] To arrange things in a straight line or in correct relative positions; To change something so that it agrees with or matches something else

While nudges can be used for beneficial purposes, such as encouraging healthier habits, they also carry the potential for manipulation, particularly when the underlying objectives of the architects are not {aligned} with the wellbeing or autonomy of the individual.

넛지는 더 건강한 습관을 권장하는 것과 같은 유익한 목적으로 사용될 수 있지만, 설계자의 근본적인 목표가 개인의 복지나 자율성과 일치하지 않을 때 조작의 가능성도 내포한다.

nudge

[nʌdʒ]

[동] 부드럽게 유도하다

[동] poke, prod, elbow
[명] poke, prod, elbow

[동] discourage, dissuade, deter

[동] To push gently with your elbow to get someone's attention; To push or touch someone or something gently
[명] A gentle push, especially with the elbow, to get someone's attention; A small, gentle reminder or encouragement to do something

By curating what we see, what we are recommended, and what options are presented to us, they subtly, and sometimes not so subtly, {nudge} us towards particular paths.

우리가 무엇을 보고, 무엇을 추천받으며, 어떤 선택지가 우리에게 제시되는지를 선별함으로써, 알고리즘은 미묘하게, 때로는 그렇게 미묘하지 않게 우리를 특정 경로로 유도한다.

cultivate

[ˈkʌltɪveɪt]

[동] 기르다

[동] till, farm, grow

[동] neglect, ignore, abandon

[동] To prepare and use land for growing crops or plants; To grow and care for plants or crops

The question then becomes: how can we {cultivate} and protect our human agency in an increasingly algorithmic world?

그러면 점점 더 알고리즘화되는 세상에서 우리는 어떻게 인간의 주체성을 기르고 보호할 수 있을까?

autonomy

[ɔːˈtɑːnəmi]

[명] 자율성

[명] self-government, independence, freedom

[명] dependence, subjection

[명] The power or right of a country or group to govern itself; The freedom to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else

While nudges can be used for beneficial purposes, such as encouraging healthier habits, they also carry the potential for manipulation, particularly when the underlying objectives of the architects are not aligned with the wellbeing or {autonomy} of the individual.

넛지는 더 건강한 습관을 권장하는 것과 같은 유익한 목적으로 사용될 수 있지만, 설계자의 근본적인 목표가 개인의 복지나 자율성과 일치하지 않을 때 조작의 가능성도 내포한다.

sophisticated

[səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd]

[형] 정교한

[형] advanced, complex, refined

[형] simple, naive, crude

[형] Having a lot of experience and knowledge about the world, culture, and art; Highly developed, complex, and advanced in design or technology

Algorithms are, in essence, {sophisticated} architects of our digital environments.

알고리즘은 본질적으로 우리 디지털 환경의 정교한 설계자이다.

deliberate

[dɪˈlɪbərət]

[형] 의도적인

[형] intentional, calculated, conscious
[동] ponder, consider, contemplate

[형] accidental, unintentional, hurried
[동] ignore, disregard, rush

[형] Done consciously and intentionally rather than by accident; Characterized by careful and thorough consideration
[동] To think about or discuss something very carefully before making a decision; To weigh different options or reasons in the mind

It means actively seeking out diverse perspectives, challenging algorithmic recommendations, and making {deliberate} choices that go against the predicted grain.

이는 적극적으로 다양한 관점을 찾고, 알고리즘의 추천에 도전하며, 예측된 흐름에 반하는 의도적인 선택을 하는 것을 의미한다.

skepticism

[sképtəsìzm]

[명] 회의적인 태도

[명] doubt, disbelief, cynicism

[명] credulity, belief, trust

[명] An attitude of doubting the truth of something; The philosophical belief that absolute knowledge is impossible to attain

It involves cultivating a healthy {skepticism} towards the seemingly objective outputs of algorithms and remembering that these systems are designed by humans with specific goals, and that their data is a reflection of past realities, not necessarily a prescription for future flourishing.

이는 알고리즘의 겉보기에 객관적인 결과물에 대해 건전한 회의적인 태도를 기르고, 이러한 시스템이 특정 목표를 가진 인간에 의해 설계되었으며 그 데이터는 과거 현실의 반영일 뿐 반드시 미래의 번영을 위한 지침은 아니라는 점을 기억하는 것을 포함한다.

agency

[ˈeɪdʒənsi]

[명] 주체성

[명] organization, company, department

[명] powerlessness, ineffectiveness, dependence

[명] An organization that provides a specific service for others; A business that acts on behalf of another person or group

The question then becomes: how can we cultivate and protect our human {agency} in an increasingly algorithmic world?

그러면 점점 더 알고리즘화되는 세상에서 우리는 어떻게 인간의 주체성을 기르고 보호할 수 있을까?

prescription

[prɪˈskrɪpʃn]

[명] 처방, 지침

[명] instruction, order, direction
[형] prescribed, licensed, authorized

[형] nonprescription, over-the-counter, unprescribed

[명] A written message from a doctor that authorizes a patient to receive a specific medicine or treatment; A medicine or drug that a doctor officially tells a patient to use
[형] Available only with a written order from a doctor; Requiring a formal medical prescription to be bought legally

It involves cultivating a healthy skepticism towards the seemingly objective outputs of algorithms and remembering that these systems are designed by humans with specific goals, and that their data is a reflection of past realities, not necessarily a {prescription} for future flourishing.

이는 알고리즘의 겉보기에 객관적인 결과물에 대해 건전한 회의적인 태도를 기르고, 이러한 시스템이 특정 목표를 가진 인간에 의해 설계되었으며 그 데이터는 과거 현실의 반영일 뿐 반드시 미래의 번영을 위한 지침은 아니라는 점을 기억하는 것을 포함한다.

flourishing

[flə́:riʃiŋ]

[명] 번영, 번성

[형] thriving, prosperous, booming

[형] declining, failing, moribund

[형] Growing and developing rapidly and successfully; Very active, healthy, and successful

It involves cultivating a healthy skepticism towards the seemingly objective outputs of algorithms and remembering that these systems are designed by humans with specific goals, and that their data is a reflection of past realities, not necessarily a prescription for future {flourishing}.

이는 알고리즘의 겉보기에 객관적인 결과물에 대해 건전한 회의적인 태도를 기르고, 이러한 시스템이 특정 목표를 가진 인간에 의해 설계되었으며 그 데이터는 과거 현실의 반영일 뿐 반드시 미래의 번영을 위한 지침은 아니라는 점을 기억하는 것을 포함한다.

behavioral economic

[명] 행동경제학

The concept of "choice architecture," popularized in {behavioral economics}, highlights how the design of the environment in which choices are made can significantly influence the decisions people make.

행동경제학에서 대중화된 선택 설계라는 개념은 선택이 이루어지는 환경의 설계가 사람들이 내리는 결정에 어떻게 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 강조한다.

architect

[ˈɑːrkɪtekt]

[명] 설계자

[명] designer, planner, creator
[동] design, plan, engineer

[동] destroy, demolish, ruin

[명] A person who designs buildings and plans their construction; A person who creates or plans a particular idea, project, or alliance
[동] To design, plan, or structure a complex system or project; To orchestrate and direct the creation of something

Algorithms are, in essence, sophisticated {architects} of our digital environments.

알고리즘은 본질적으로 우리 디지털 환경의 정교한 설계자이다.

choice architecture

[명] 선택 설계

The concept of "{choice architecture}," popularized in behavioral economics, highlights how the design of the environment in which choices are made can significantly influence the decisions people make.

행동경제학에서 대중화된 선택 설계라는 개념은 선택이 이루어지는 환경의 설계가 사람들이 내리는 결정에 어떻게 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 강조한다.