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| 지문 1 | At one time or another, everyone has to deal with both emotional highs and emotional lows.↵ Unfortunately, we generally consider our emotions to be mysterious and beyond our understanding.↵ However, emotions are a natural product of the human mind.↵ Like everything else, it is the law of cause and effect that they follow.↵ So don't be confused by your emotions.↵ If you accept them as a natural part of life, you will be more comfortable with them. | |
| 지문 2 | Volcanoes can be very dangerous, causing massive damage when they erupt.↵ However, not all creatures fear them.↵ In fact, one species of bird, the maleo, depends on them for its survival.↵ It seeks out volcanic areas when making a nest and uses their heat to help hatch its eggs.↵ The maleo needs this extra help because its eggs are unusually large, meaning the female maleo is unable to keep them warm on her own. | |
| 지문 3 | It is the weakening of leg veins that is one of the biggest problems for astronauts.↵ Because blood flows differently in zero gravity and the circulatory system doesn't have to work hard, the veins become thin and weak.↵ NASA studied baby giraffes to see how they deal with this.↵ They are able to stand as soon as they are born because their leg veins rapidly inflate.↵ With this in mind, NASA created tubes that fit around astronauts' legs and use vacuum pressure to expand their veins.↵ As a result, astronauts can keep their veins strong and healthy. | |
| 지문 4 | Known for his devotion to each of his paintings, Protogenes was an ancient Greek painter and a rival of Apelles.↵ He was born in Caunus, on the coast of Caria, but lived most of his life in Rhodes.↵ Little else is known of him.↵ But there are some accounts of his paintings.↵ The lalysus and the Satyr were the most well-known among his works.↵ Protogenes spent approximately seven years painting the lalysus, a depiction of a local hero of a town in Rhodes.↵ After remaining in Rhodes for at least 200 years, it was carried off to Rome.↵ There later it was destroyed by fire.↵ Protogenes worked on the Satyr during Demetrius Poliorcetes' attack on Rhodes from 305 to 304 B.C.↵ Interestingly, the garden in which he painted the Satyr was in the middle of the enemy's camp.↵ Protogenes is said to have been about seventy years of age when the Satyr was completed. | |
| 지문 5 | The cucamelon is an unusual fruit that tastes like a sour cucumber.↵ Native to Mexico and Central America, it is also called a Mexican sour gherkin or a mouse melon.↵ It resembles a tiny watermelon.↵ It can be purchased at farmer's markets, but many people plant it in gardens because it is easy to grow.↵ It is best to start growing it indoors in April and May.↵ It can take three or four weeks for the young plants to emerge from the soil.↵ Once they are big enough, replant them in your garden.↵ When the cucamelon fruit is about the size of a grape, it is ripe enough to be picked.↵ There are many different ways to eat it, but the best way is to put it directly in your mouth. | |
| 지문 6 | Naked mole rats are small rodents found in East Africa.↵ They are extremely ugly animals, with large teeth, no fur, and pink skin.↵ They are only about 150 millimeters in length, and there is no difference in size between males and females.↵ Despite their name, they are neither moles nor rats, and their social behavior more closely resembles that of ants or bees.↵ They live and breed underground in large groups of up to 300 individuals, with soldiers, workers and a queen.↵ Rarely do they come up to the surface of the earth, so their eyes are very small.↵ Mole rats also seem to feel little pain, and they can live in places with very little oxygen. | |
| 지문 7 | The above graph shows who Australian girls and boys aged eleven consulted if they had problems.↵ Mothers were the most consulted source if girls and boys had problems.↵ For boys, fathers were the second most consulted source, followed by friends.↵ The percentage of girls who consulted teachers was 20 percentage points higher than that of girls who consulted fathers.↵ The percentage of boys who consulted teachers was lower than that of girls who consulted teachers by 4 percentage points.↵ More girls went to their friends than to their brothers or sisters if they had problems. | |
| 지문 8 | Jaime Lerner, a well-known architect and urban planner, was born in Curitiba, Brazil in 1937 and was elected mayor of the city in 1971.↵ He was re-elected twice, serving as mayor for eight additional years.↵ During his time as mayor, he came up with numerous low-cost projects that turned Curitiba into a model community.↵ It was the city's efficient public transit system that had the biggest impact on the residents' quality of life.↵ Now copied in more than 100 countries around the world, it is efficient, comfortable, and inexpensive.↵ Lerner also installed waste management, recycling, and green space preservation programs.↵ What's more, he seldom ignored the needs of the city's poor and built low-income housing near the city center. | |
| 지문 9 | Clipperton Island, located 1,000 kilometers off the Mexican coast, isn't a very appealing place.↵ It is covered in sharp coral and aggressive crabs.↵ It rains hard and continuously there from May to October, and the island smells of ammonia during the dry season.↵ Therefore, it's not surprising that the island is uninhabited.↵ In the past, however, France, the U.S., Britain, and Mexico all fought for the island.↵ They did so not only because of its strategic position but also for its surface layer of guano, valuable seabird waste that was sold as fertilizer.↵ Attempts to colonize Clipperton Island were made from 1858 to 1917, but all failed.↵ When a group of Mexican settlers finally succeeded, they were soon forgotten and left stranded. | |
| 지문 10 | Tomas Luis de Victoria, the greatest Spanish composer of the sixteenth century, was born in Avila and as a boy sang in the church choir.↵ When his voice broke, he went to Rome to study and he remained in that city for about 20 years, holding appointments at various churches and religious institutions.↵ In Rome, he met Palestrina, a famous Italian composer, and may even have been his pupil.↵ In the 1580s, after becoming a priest, he returned to Spain and spent the rest of his life peacefully in Madrid as a composer and organist to members of the royal household.↵ He died in 1611, but his tomb has yet to be identified. | |
| 지문 11 | The graph above shows how the calorie count and the portion size of the average American fast food meal have changed between 1986 and 2016.↵ All parts of the meal increased in both portion size and calorie count, with desserts showing the greatest increase.↵ The main dish, the largest in portion size of the three categories, had an increase of 39 grams with 90 extra calories.↵ Portion sizes of sides only increased by 4 grams in 30 years but increased by 42 calories.↵ The portion size of desserts went up by 71 grams while the calorie count increased more than twice.↵ A total meal in 1986 had 735 calories while 2016 meals had 1,053 calories. | |
| 지문 12 | Johannes Vermeer was a 17th-century Dutch artist known for painting scenes from the daily life of the middle class.↵ He painted slowly and with great attention to detail, favoring bright colors such as blue and yellow.↵ However, it is his skilled treatment and use of light that is most renowned.↵ Although Vermeer gained moderate fame during his lifetime, he was later forgotten for nearly two centuries.↵ One reason for this may be that he painted a relatively small number of paintings.↵ His total artistic output is estimated at 45 paintings.↵ It wasn't until the 19th century that his work was rediscovered.↵ Since that time, appreciation of his genius has grown, and he is now considered one of the greatest Dutch painters of his time. |