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| # | 영어 지문 | 지문 출처 |
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| 지문 1 | Many people believe that achieving expertise in any domain—be it playing a musical instrument, excelling in sports, mastering chess, cooking well, or learning a new language—requires around ten thousand hours of practice. This concept gained popularity due to K. Anders Ericsson's research and was further popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his acclaimed book, Outliers. However, a recent group of researchers has challenged the validity of the ten-thousand-hour rule, deeming it largely unfounded. They argue that the specific number of hours is not as significant as previously thought, and while practice undoubtedly contributes to skill enhancement, various other factors may be even more crucial. What are these additional elements that facilitate reaching expert status? Is it inherent ability, intelligence, fortunate circumstances, dedication, or hard work? Indeed, it encompasses all of these aspects and beyond. Factors such as age, experience, and environment also significantly influence performance. Thus, there is no singular factor that can reliably predict or guarantee mastery in any field. | 변형 |
| 지문 2 | During the era of the Soviet Union, a prominent American beverage company sought to establish a bottling facility and a distribution framework within the country. At that time, Soviet ideology prioritized collective welfare over individual interests and emphasized building industrial capabilities, often at the cost of consumer products. As such, soft drinks were deemed incongruent with the nation's ideological values, with one official even labeling it a "superfluous beverage." Eventually, an agreement was reached, but it was framed not as a means to satisfy the thirst of the populace. Instead, U.S. negotiators promoted the initiative as a contribution to the nation's industrial growth. They modified the plan to incorporate extensive training for local employees and managers, along with establishing a farm to cultivate specific ingredients for the beverage. Moreover, the company committed to encouraging additional American enterprises to invest in the Soviet marketplace. | 변형 |
| 지문 3 | In 2012, a symposium titled "Is Drawing Dead?" was conducted by the Yale School of Architecture, highlighting a concern that architects' hand-drawn sketches are becoming obsolete in favor of digital tools. Many architects express that this shift from paper to digital screens results in a decline in creativity and a sense of adventure in design. The precision and completeness offered by digital renderings often lead designers to commit to a concept too early, limiting further exploration and reflection that typically arise from the ambiguity of sketching. This issue, referred to as "premature fixation," is attributed to the deterrent effect of making substantial design changes after a detailed and interconnected Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model is established too promptly. Furthermore, the focus on formal experimentation within CAD environments can overshadow the importance of expressive design. Michael Graves, a prominent American architect, has noted that while CAD-generated designs can be intricate and engaging, they frequently lack the emotional resonance and personal connection that designs originating from hand sketches tend to possess. | 변형 |
| 지문 4 | Limited animation refers to a technique in creating animated films and cartoons that does not aim for a lifelike portrayal. In contrast to the highly praised animated works of Walt Disney from the 1930s and 1940s, which are known for their intricate details and realistic imagery, limited animation provides an alternative that is less labor-intensive and more cost-effective. By utilizing abstract designs, symbolism, and minimal motion, this method evokes similar emotional responses while requiring fewer resources. It relies heavily on the audience's ability to suspend disbelief, allowing the narrative to unfold largely in their imagination. This approach also permits artists to explore creative styles that are not constrained by realistic representations. Consequently, a distinct artistic form has emerged that may not have flourished if animation were exclusively focused on realism. Iconic films such as Yellow Submarine and Chuck Jones' The Dot and the Line could not have been realized without the innovation introduced by limited animation. | 변형 |